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Carangoides gymnostethus, commonly known as the bludger trevally or nakedbreast trevally, is a species of large marine fish in the jack family Carangidae. It is a predatory fish found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, known for its robust build and distinctive coloration. This species is highly valued in commercial and recreational fisheries.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- compressed
- Coloração
- Adults are generally silvery-grey to bluish-green dorsally, fading to silvery-white ventrally. A distinctive feature is the presence of small, scattered dark spots on the upper flanks, particularly above the lateral line. The fins are typically dusky to yellowish, with the caudal fin often having a yellowish tinge. Juveniles may have faint vertical bands.
- Tipo de escama
- cycloid
- Posição da boca
- terminal
- Características distintivas
- Breast naked (scaleless) ventrally to origin of pelvic fins and laterally to pectoral fin base, with a small patch of scales anterior to pelvic fins., Upper jaw extends to below anterior half of eye., Adipose eyelid well developed, covering most of eye except for a vertical slit., Lateral line with a moderately long anterior arch and a straight posterior section, with 20-30 scutes on the straight part., Body depth 2.8-3.3 times in fork length (FL)., Maximum recorded length up to 100 cm FL, common to 70 cm FL. Maximum weight around 11.4 kg.
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Two dorsal fins; first dorsal fin with VIII spines, second dorsal fin with 1 spine and 19-22 soft rays. The anterior rays of the second dorsal fin are elongated, forming a short lobe.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Deeply forked caudal fin.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Long and falcate (sickle-shaped), extending beyond the origin of the anal fin.
- Nadadeiras características
- Anal fin with 2 detached spines followed by 1 spine and 16-18 soft rays. The anterior rays of the anal fin are also elongated, forming a short lobe.
Dicas de identificação
Breast scalation
The most reliable distinguishing feature is the naked (scaleless) breast, extending ventrally to the pelvic fin origin and laterally to the pectoral fin base, with only a small patch of scales anterior to the pelvic fins. This contrasts with other Carangoides species that have fully scaled breasts or different patterns of scalelessness.
Body spots
Presence of small, scattered dark spots on the upper flanks, particularly above the lateral line, is characteristic of adults.
Fin lobe length
The relatively short anterior lobes of the second dorsal and anal fins, compared to some other large trevallies, can be a useful indicator.
Adipose eyelid
Well-developed adipose eyelid covering most of the eye, leaving only a vertical slit.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- saltwater
- Profundidade
- Typically found in depths ranging from 10 to 100 meters, but can occur shallower or deeper.
- Ambiente
- Inhabits coastal waters, often associated with coral reefs, rocky reefs, and offshore islands. Also found over sandy or muddy bottoms adjacent to these structures. Juveniles may be found in shallower, more protected areas.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa, across the Indian Ocean to Southeast Asia, northern Australia, and extending into the western Pacific Ocean to Japan, New Caledonia, and Fiji.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: aggressive
- Alimentação: carnivore
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: 2000 gallons (7570 liters)
- Temperatura: 24-28°C (75-82°F)
- Nível de pH: 8.1-8.4
- Dureza da água: 8-12 dKH
- Compatibilidade: Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to its large size and predatory nature. Can be kept with other very large, robust, and equally aggressive fish in public aquariums.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires an extremely large, well-filtered aquarium with strong water flow and ample swimming space. Live or fresh dead fish and crustaceans are essential for its diet. Not recommended for private aquarists.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: least concern
- Sazonalidade: No specific seasonal restrictions for fishing across its entire range, though local regulations may apply. Spawning aggregations may occur at certain times of the year, making them more vulnerable to fishing.
- Preço de mercado: Varies significantly by region and size, often fetching good prices in local markets.
- Importância comercial: medium
- Sabor: Firm, white flesh with a mild, slightly oily flavor.
- Textura: Firm and flaky when cooked.
- Métodos de preparo: Grilling, Baking, Frying, Steaming, Sashimi (when very fresh)
- Valor nutricional: Good source of protein and Omega-3 fatty acids.
Fatos principais
Naked Breastinteresting
The scientific name 'gymnostethus' is derived from Greek, meaning 'naked breast', referring to the distinctive scaleless area on its chest.
Predatory Lifestylebehavior
Carangoides gymnostethus is an active predator, primarily feeding on small fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans, often hunting in schools or individually.
Angler's Targetinteresting
Due to its size and fighting ability, the bludger trevally is a popular target for recreational anglers, particularly in Australia and Southeast Asia.
Habitat Versatilitybehavior
This species demonstrates adaptability in its habitat, being found in a variety of environments from shallow coastal reefs to deeper offshore waters.
Informações de segurança
Seguro- Nível de segurança: safe
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: No specific venomous spines. However, like all large fish, care should be taken when handling due to sharp fin spines and powerful movements. Use gloves and appropriate tools (e.g., lip grippers) to avoid injury from thrashing or sharp gill plates.
Espécies similares
Giant Trevally
Caranx ignobilis
Caranx ignobilis has a fully scaled breast, a much steeper head profile, and typically grows to a larger size. It lacks the distinct scattered spots on the flanks.
Bluefin Trevally
Caranx melampygus
Caranx melampygus has bright blue fins (especially the caudal fin) and numerous small blue to black spots on its body. Its breast is fully scaled.
Golden Trevally
Gnathanodon speciosus
Gnathanodon speciosus is characterized by its bright yellow coloration with prominent black vertical bands (especially in juveniles) and a protractile, fleshy mouth. Its breast is fully scaled.
Malabar Trevally
Carangoides malabaricus
Carangoides malabaricus has a fully scaled breast and a more elongated body shape. It typically lacks the distinct scattered spots of C. gymnostethus.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Carangiformes
- Família
- Carangidae
- Gênero
- Carangoides
- Espécie
- gymnostethus
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