How to Identify Indian Garfish

To identify Indian Garfish (Xenentodon cancila), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Dorsal side is typically olive green to brownish, fading to silvery-white on the ventral side. A prominent dark lateral stripe often runs from the eye to the caudal fin base. Fins are generally translucent or slightly yellowish. Some individuals may exhibit faint vertical bars.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Extremely elongated, needle-like jaws, with the lower jaw slightly longer than the upper jaw in adults., Numerous sharp, conical teeth in both jaws., Dorsal and anal fins are positioned far back on the body, close to the caudal fin., Slender, cylindrical body., Large eyes.

Dorsal fin

Single dorsal fin, located posteriorly, with 15-18 soft rays. No spines.

Tail fin

Caudal fin is truncate to slightly emarginate, with 13-15 rays.

Pectoral fin

Pectoral fins are small, located low on the body, with 10-12 rays.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are small and abdominal, located well behind the pectoral fins. Anal fin is similar in shape and size to the dorsal fin, with 16-19 soft rays.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Jaws

   The most distinguishing feature is the extremely long, slender, and pointed jaws, resembling a needle or a gar's snout. The lower jaw is typically slightly longer than the upper jaw.

2. 2

   Body Shape

   Its body is very elongated and cylindrical, giving it a 'pencil-like' appearance.

3. 3

   Fin Placement

   Both the dorsal and anal fins are located far back on the body, close to the caudal fin, which is characteristic of many predatory surface-dwelling fish.

4. 4

   Lateral Stripe

   A dark, often prominent, lateral stripe running along the side of the body from the eye to the tail is usually present.

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