How to Identify European Smelt

To identify European Smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Dorsal side is typically translucent olive-green to bluish-green, fading to silvery flanks and a white belly. The operculum (gill cover) often has a metallic sheen.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Slender, elongated body, Large mouth extending beyond the middle of the eye, Prominent canine-like teeth on the tongue and jaws, Adipose fin present (a small, fleshy fin between the dorsal and caudal fins), Distinctive cucumber-like smell when fresh

Dorsal fin

Single dorsal fin, relatively short, located mid-body. Typically 9-12 soft rays.

Tail fin

Deeply forked caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Pectoral fins are relatively long, reaching about halfway to the pelvic fins.

Distinctive fins

Presence of an adipose fin, characteristic of salmoniform fishes.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Size

   Slender, elongated body, typically reaching 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) in length, though some individuals can grow up to 30 cm (12 inches).

2. 2

   Coloration

   Translucent olive-green to bluish-green back, silvery sides, and white belly. The overall appearance is somewhat translucent.

3. 3

   Mouth and Teeth

   Large mouth with a prominent lower jaw. Look for strong, canine-like teeth on the tongue and jaws, a key distinguishing feature from many other small fish.

4. 4

   Adipose Fin

   Presence of a small, fleshy adipose fin between the dorsal and caudal fins, characteristic of the Osmeridae family.

5. 5

   Smell

   Freshly caught specimens emit a distinct odor reminiscent of fresh cucumber, which is a very reliable identification cue.

Explore European Smelt