How to Identify Shorthead Redhorse

To identify Shorthead Redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Dorsal surface olive-brown to brassy, fading to silvery-white on the belly. Sides often have a brassy or golden sheen. Fins are typically reddish-orange, especially the caudal (tail) fin, which is bright red in spawning males. Paired fins (pectoral and pelvic) are usually yellowish to orange.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

subterminal

Distinctive features

Relatively short head, comprising 18-22% of standard length., Large, cycloid scales, with 40-44 scales in the lateral line., Subterminal mouth with thick, papillose lips, typical of suckers., No lateral line pores on the head., Dorsal fin margin is typically straight or slightly concave., Caudal fin is distinctly forked and often bright red, especially during spawning.

Dorsal fin

Single dorsal fin with 12-14 rays, typically straight or slightly concave margin.

Tail fin

Deeply forked caudal fin, often bright red.

Pectoral fin

Pectoral fins are relatively short, yellowish to orange.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are abdominal, yellowish to orange. Anal fin has 7 rays.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Head Length

   The head is noticeably shorter than other redhorse species, typically less than 22% of the standard length. This is a key distinguishing feature.

2. 2

   Scale Count

   Count the scales along the lateral line; Shorthead Redhorse typically have 40-44 scales, which are relatively large compared to other suckers.

3. 3

   Fin Coloration

   Observe the fins, especially the caudal fin. It is often bright red or reddish-orange, particularly in mature individuals and during spawning season. Paired fins are usually yellowish to orange.

4. 4

   Mouth and Lips

   Examine the subterminal mouth and the lips. The lips are thick and papillose (covered with small bumps), but the posterior margin of the lower lip is usually straight or slightly concave, not deeply incised or plicate (folded) like some other redhorse species.

5. 5

   Dorsal Fin Margin

   The dorsal fin typically has a straight or slightly concave posterior margin, unlike the convex margin found in some other Moxostoma species.

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