How to Identify Sand Steenbras

To identify Sand Steenbras (Lithognathus mormyrus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Silvery-grey to yellowish-brown dorsally, fading to white ventrally. Characterized by 10-15 distinct, narrow, dark vertical bands along the flanks, which may fade or intensify depending on the fish's mood or environment. Fins are generally dusky or translucent.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

subterminal

Distinctive features

Elongated, moderately compressed body, 10-15 prominent dark vertical bands on flanks, Small, slightly inferior mouth with thick lips, Conical teeth in the front of jaws, molariform teeth posteriorly, Large eyes

Dorsal fin

Single dorsal fin with 11-12 spines and 12-13 soft rays. The spiny portion is longer than the soft-rayed portion.

Tail fin

Moderately forked caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Long and pointed pectoral fins.

Distinctive fins

Anal fin with 3 spines and 10-11 soft rays. Pelvic fins are thoracic.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Coloration

   Look for the elongated, silvery-grey body with 10-15 distinct dark vertical bands. These bands are the most reliable visual identifier.

2. 2

   Mouth and Teeth

   Observe the slightly inferior mouth with thick lips and the presence of both conical and molariform teeth, adapted for crushing shells.

3. 3

   Habitat

   If observed in its natural environment, its preference for sandy or muddy bottoms in shallow coastal areas is a strong indicator.

4. 4

   Fin Count

   Counting the dorsal fin spines (11-12) and soft rays (12-13) can help confirm identification, though this is more challenging in the field.

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