How to Identify Swamp Darter

To identify Swamp Darter (Etheostoma fusiforme), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Generally olive to light brown dorsally, fading to a lighter, often yellowish or whitish ventral surface. The sides typically feature a series of dark, irregular blotches or W-shaped markings, often forming a lateral band. There are usually two dark teardrop-shaped markings below the eye. Fins are often clear or lightly speckled. Breeding males may exhibit more intense coloration, including reddish or orange hues on the fins and body.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Slender, fusiform body, Two distinct dark teardrop markings below the eye, Irregular W-shaped or blotchy lateral markings, Small size, typically under 6 cm

Dorsal fin

Two dorsal fins; the first spiny (7-11 spines), the second soft-rayed (9-13 rays). The two fins are typically separate or barely connected.

Tail fin

Caudal fin is slightly emarginate to truncate.

Pectoral fin

Pectoral fins are relatively large and fan-shaped, with 11-14 rays.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are thoracic, located below or slightly anterior to the pectoral fins. Anal fin has 2 spines and 6-9 rays.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Size

   Look for a small, slender, somewhat cigar-shaped body, typically 3-6 cm (1.2-2.4 inches) in length.

2. 2

   Coloration and Markings

   Observe the olive to brown dorsal color, lighter belly, and the characteristic irregular dark blotches or W-shaped markings along the sides. Crucially, identify the two dark teardrop marks extending downwards from the eye.

3. 3

   Fin Structure

   Note the two separate dorsal fins, with the first being spiny and the second soft-rayed. The caudal fin is typically straight or slightly notched.

4. 4

   Habitat

   If found in slow-moving, heavily vegetated, often dark-water habitats, it strongly suggests a Swamp Darter.

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