How to Identify Northern Stargazer

To identify Northern Stargazer (Astroscopus guttatus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

flat

Coloration

Dorsal surface is typically dark brown to grayish-brown, often mottled with irregular white or yellowish spots (guttatus means 'spotted'). The ventral surface is pale. The pectoral fins may have a dark blotch at their base.

Scale type

none

Mouth position

superior

Distinctive features

Eyes located on top of the head, facing upwards., Large, upward-pointing mouth with fringed lips., Flattened head and body, adapted for burrowing., Two venomous spines located behind the operculum (gill cover) and above the pectoral fins., Electric organs located in a pouch behind the eyes, capable of delivering a significant shock., A fleshy, worm-like lure on the lower jaw, used to attract prey.

Dorsal fin

Two dorsal fins; the first is short with 3-5 spines, the second is longer with 12-14 soft rays. The first dorsal spine is often venomous.

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly truncate caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Large, fan-like pectoral fins, used for burrowing and propulsion.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are jugular (located anterior to the pectoral fins) and are relatively large.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Eyes

   Positioned dorsally (on top of the head) and facing upwards, a key characteristic of all stargazers.

2. 2

   Mouth

   Large, wide, and angled upwards, with a prominent fleshy lure on the lower jaw.

3. 3

   Coloration and Pattern

   Dark brown to grayish-brown body with distinct white or yellowish spots on the dorsal surface. This spotting pattern distinguishes it from other stargazers in its range.

4. 4

   Venomous Spines

   Presence of two stout, venomous spines behind the operculum. Exercise extreme caution.

5. 5

   Electric Organs

   Capable of delivering an electric shock, a unique defense mechanism among fish in its habitat.

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