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Spratelloides gracilis, commonly known as Kibinago or the silver-stripe round herring, is a small, pelagic schooling fish belonging to the family Clupeidae. It is characterized by its slender, elongated body and a prominent silvery stripe running along its flanks. This species is an important component of marine food webs in its native range, serving as prey for a variety of larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. It is also of significant commercial importance in certain regions, particularly in Japan, where it is a popular food fish.
Sifa za Kimwili
- Umbo la mwili
- elongated
- Rangi
- Dorsal surface is typically greenish-blue to dark blue, fading to silvery white on the ventral side. A distinct, iridescent silvery stripe runs horizontally along the mid-flank from the operculum to the caudal peduncle.
- Aina ya magamba
- cycloid
- Nafasi ya mdomo
- superior
- Sifa bainifu
- Slender, fusiform body, Large eyes relative to head size, Single, short dorsal fin located mid-body, Small, delicate scales that are easily shed, Absence of lateral line pores on the body (lateral line canal present on head)
- Pezi la mgongoni
- Single, short dorsal fin with 10-13 soft rays, positioned slightly anterior to the anal fin origin.
- Pezi la mkia
- Deeply forked caudal fin, symmetrical lobes.
- Pezi la kifuani
- Small, low-set pectoral fins with 12-14 rays.
- Mapezi bainifu
- Pelvic fins are small, abdominal, and located beneath the dorsal fin. Anal fin is short with 10-13 soft rays, originating posterior to the dorsal fin base.
Vidokezo vya Utambuzi
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for a very slender, elongated body with a distinct, bright silvery stripe running along the side. The back is typically dark blue or greenish-blue.
Fin Placement
Note the single, short dorsal fin located roughly in the middle of the back, and the deeply forked caudal fin. The pelvic fins are small and located abdominally.
Mouth Position
The mouth is superior (upturned), indicating its feeding habit on surface or mid-water plankton.
Size
Adults rarely exceed 12 cm (4.7 inches) in total length, with an average size of 8-10 cm (3-4 inches).
Mazingira
- Aina ya maji
- saltwater
- Kina
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters, from the surface down to about 50 meters (164 feet).
- Mazingira
- Pelagic, schooling species inhabiting clear coastal waters, often associated with coral reefs, rocky shores, and sandy bottoms. They form large, dense schools in the water column.
- Eneo la kijiografia
- Widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa eastward to the central Pacific, including Japan, Australia, and numerous island nations.
Taarifa za Bwawa la Samaki
- Kiwango cha utunzaji: expert
- Tabia: peaceful
- Chakula: filter_feeder
- Ukubwa wa chini wa tangi: 200_gallons
- Joto: 22-26°C (72-79°F)
- Kiwango cha pH: 8.1-8.4
- Ugumu wa maji: 8-12_dKH
- Uoanifu: Best kept in large schools of its own kind. Can be kept with other peaceful, small, fast-moving pelagic species that will not prey upon them. Avoid aggressive or large tank mates.
- Mahitaji maalum: Requires a very large, well-established aquarium with strong filtration and excellent water quality. Needs ample open swimming space and a constant supply of live or very fine frozen planktonic foods. Highly sensitive to stress and water parameter fluctuations. Not typically recommended for home aquaria due to their specific needs and schooling behavior.
Taarifa za Porini
- Hali ya uhifadhi: least concern
- Msimu: Peak fishing seasons vary by region, but generally available year-round with higher abundance during warmer months.
- Bei ya sokoni: Varies significantly by region and season, but generally considered an affordable and popular food fish in Japan.
- Umuhimu wa kibiashara: high
- Ladha: Mild, delicate, slightly sweet flavor.
- Umbile: Soft, tender flesh with fine bones that are often consumed.
- Njia za kupika: Sashimi, Sushi, Tempura, Grilled, Fried, Marinated (e.g., nanbanzuke)
- Thamani ya lishe: Rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and various vitamins and minerals.
Ukweli muhimu
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
Kibinago form massive, dense schools, often numbering in the thousands or even millions, which is a primary defense mechanism against predators.
Rapid Life Cyclebehavior
They have a relatively short lifespan, typically 1-2 years, and reach sexual maturity quickly, contributing to their high reproductive capacity.
Ecological Importanceinteresting
As a key forage fish, Kibinago play a crucial role in transferring energy from lower trophic levels (plankton) to higher trophic levels (larger fish, seabirds, marine mammals) in coastal ecosystems.
Bioluminescence (Indirect)interesting
While Kibinago themselves are not bioluminescent, their schooling behavior and silvery flanks can create dazzling displays under moonlight or artificial light, making them highly visible to predators and fishermen.
Cultural Significance in Japaninteresting
In regions like Kagoshima, Japan, Kibinago is a highly prized local delicacy, often eaten as sashimi with a special dipping sauce made from ginger and soy sauce.
Taarifa za usalama
Salama- Kiwango cha usalama: safe
- Ana sumu: Hapana
- Ulaji: edible
- Maelezo ya kushika: Kibinago are small, delicate fish. Handle with care to avoid damaging their scales or flesh if intended for consumption. No specific handling precautions are required beyond general fish handling hygiene.
Aina zinazofanana
Gold-stripe sardinella
Sardinella gibbosa
Sardinella gibbosa is generally larger, has a more robust body, and its silvery stripe is often less distinct or absent, sometimes replaced by a golden sheen. It also typically has a dark spot on the dorsal fin origin, which S. gracilis lacks. The scales of Sardinella species are generally more adherent than those of Spratelloides.
Blue sprat
Spratelloides delicatulus
Spratelloides delicatulus is very similar but generally has a slightly deeper body and a less pronounced silvery stripe. Differentiation often requires careful examination of meristic counts (e.g., fin ray counts, vertebral counts) which are difficult to ascertain without detailed analysis. S. gracilis tends to have a more elongated and cylindrical body compared to S. delicatulus.
Japanese sardine
Sardinops melanostictus
Japanese sardines are significantly larger, have a series of distinct dark spots along their flanks (though these can sometimes be faint), and a more robust body shape. Their scales are also more firmly attached.
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
- Himaya
- Animalia
- Aina
- Chordata
- Darasa
- Actinopterygii
- Mpangilio
- Clupeiformes
- Familia
- Clupeidae
- Jinsia
- Spratelloides
- Spishi
- gracilis
Chunguza Kibinago
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