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Phoxinus phoxinus, commonly known as the Elrits or Common Minnow, is a small, slender freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. It is characterized by its elongated body, small scales, and distinctive lateral line. This species is widely distributed across Eurasia and is an important component of many freshwater ecosystems.
Fysiska egenskaper
- Kroppsform
- elongated
- Färgsättning
- Dorsal side is typically olive-brown to greenish-brown, fading to silvery-white on the belly. The flanks often display a series of dark blotches or a dark lateral stripe, which can be more pronounced during breeding season. Males develop vibrant red and gold coloration on their flanks and fins during spawning.
- Fjälltyp
- cycloid
- Munposition
- subterminal
- Utmärkande drag
- Small, cycloid scales that are often difficult to see without close inspection., A complete lateral line that extends to the caudal fin., A relatively small mouth, slightly subterminal., Males develop nuptial tubercles (breeding warts) on their heads and opercula during spawning.
- Ryggfena
- Single, short dorsal fin with 2-3 unbranched and 6-8 branched rays, positioned posterior to the pelvic fins.
- Stjärtfena
- Forked caudal fin with rounded lobes.
- Bröstfena
- Paired pectoral fins, relatively small.
- Utmärkande fenor
- Pelvic fins are also paired and small. All fins are generally translucent, sometimes with a yellowish or reddish tint in breeding males.
Identifieringstips
Size and Shape
Small, slender fish, typically 7-12 cm in length, rarely exceeding 14 cm. Body is elongated and somewhat cylindrical.
Coloration
Olive-brown back, silvery belly, and a distinctive row of dark blotches or a dark stripe along the lateral line. Breeding males are much more colorful.
Scales
Very small scales, often appearing scaleless to the casual observer. This distinguishes it from many other cyprinids.
Mouth
Small, slightly subterminal mouth, adapted for feeding on small invertebrates and detritus.
Habitat
- Vattentyp
- freshwater
- Djup
- Typically found in shallow waters, usually less than 2 meters, but can inhabit deeper areas of lakes.
- Miljö
- Prefers clear, well-oxygenated, cool waters of rivers, streams, and lakes. Often found in areas with gravelly or stony bottoms and moderate to strong currents. Can tolerate a range of substrates including sand and mud, especially in lakes.
- Geografisk utbredning
- Widespread across Eurasia, from Ireland and Great Britain in the west, through much of continental Europe, and extending eastward into Siberia and parts of East Asia. Absent from southern Spain, southern Italy, and parts of the Balkans.
Akvarieinformation
- Skötselnivå: beginner
- Temperament: peaceful
- Kost: omnivore
- Minsta akvariestorlek: 75 liters (20 gallons)
- Temperatur: 10-20°C (50-68°F)
- pH-nivå: 6.5-7.5
- Hårdhet: 5-15 dGH
- Kompatibilitet: Compatible with other peaceful, coldwater fish of similar size. Best kept in shoals of 6 or more individuals.
- Särskilda krav: Requires well-oxygenated water, a varied diet, and plenty of hiding places among plants and rocks. A strong current is appreciated.
Information om vilda bestånd
- Bevarandestatus: least concern
- Säsong: Spawns from April to July, with peak activity in late spring and early summer. Active year-round, though less so in colder months.
- Marknadspris: Low
- Kommersiell betydelse: low
- Smak: Mild, slightly earthy
- Konsistens: Soft, delicate
- Tillagningsmetoder: Frying, Pan-searing, Pickling
- Näringsvärde: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, though typically consumed in small quantities.
Nyckelfakta
Shoaling Behaviorbehavior
Elrits are highly social fish and are almost always found in large shoals, especially when young. This behavior provides protection against predators.
Indicator Speciesinteresting
Due to their preference for clean, well-oxygenated water, Elrits can serve as an indicator species for good water quality in freshwater ecosystems.
Breeding Colorsamazing
During the breeding season, male Elrits develop striking red and gold coloration on their flanks and fins, along with small, white breeding tubercles on their heads, making them quite distinct from their usual appearance.
Dietary Flexibilitybehavior
Elrits are opportunistic omnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates, insect larvae, algae, and detritus, making them adaptable to various food sources in their environment.
Säkerhetsinformation
Säker- Säkerhetsnivå: safe
- Giftig: Nej
- Ätbarhet: edible
- Hanteringsråd: No specific handling precautions are required. Handle gently to avoid stress to the fish. They are not known to bite or possess any harmful spines.
Liknande arter
Gudgeon
Gobio gobio
Gudgeon has two barbels at the corners of its mouth, larger scales, and a more robust body shape. Elrits lack barbels.
Stone Loach
Barbatula barbatula
Stone Loach has six barbels around its mouth, a more flattened ventral surface, and a different fin structure. Elrits lack barbels.
Juvenile Chub
Squalius cephalus
Juvenile Chub have larger scales and a more pronounced, upturned mouth. Their body shape is also generally stouter than Elrits.
Vetenskaplig klassificering
- Rike
- Animalia
- Stam
- Chordata
- Klass
- Actinopterygii
- Ordning
- Cypriniformes
- Familj
- Cyprinidae
- Släkte
- Phoxinus
- Art
- Phoxinus phoxinus
Utforska Elrits
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