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Sciaena umbra, commonly known as the Corvina Negra or Brown Meagre, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae. It is characterized by its robust body, distinctive coloration, and a prominent lateral line. This species is highly valued both commercially and recreationally, particularly in the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- compressed
- Coloração
- Generally dark brown to blackish on the dorsal side, fading to a lighter, silvery-grey on the flanks and belly. Fins are typically dark. Juveniles may exhibit a more silvery hue with faint vertical bands.
- Tipo de escama
- ctenoid
- Posição da boca
- inferior
- Características distintivas
- High, arched back, Large, prominent scales, A single, long dorsal fin deeply notched, A distinctive, large, and robust head, A prominent lateral line that extends to the caudal fin, Absence of barbels on the chin (distinguishing feature from some other sciaenids)
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Two dorsal fins, deeply notched, appearing almost as two separate fins. The first dorsal fin has 10-11 strong spines, and the second dorsal fin has 1 spine and 23-25 soft rays.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Relatively long and pointed pectoral fins.
- Nadadeiras características
- Pelvic fins are thoracic, located directly below the pectoral fins.
Dicas de identificação
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for a robust, compressed body with a high back. The overall dark brown to blackish coloration dorsally, fading to silvery-grey ventrally, is characteristic.
Dorsal Fin
Observe the deeply notched dorsal fin, appearing almost as two separate fins, with strong spines in the anterior part.
Lateral Line
Note the prominent lateral line that extends clearly to the caudal fin.
Mouth Position
The mouth is inferior, meaning it is located on the underside of the head, adapted for bottom feeding.
Absence of Barbels
Crucially, Sciaena umbra lacks barbels on its chin, which helps distinguish it from some other sciaenid species like the Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) or certain croakers.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- saltwater
- Profundidade
- Typically found at depths ranging from 5 to 200 meters (16 to 656 feet), though most commonly observed between 15 and 60 meters (49 to 197 feet).
- Ambiente
- Prefers rocky bottoms, seagrass beds (Posidonia oceanica), and areas with caves or crevices for shelter. Often found near coastal areas, estuaries, and sometimes in brackish waters. Juveniles may inhabit shallower, more protected areas.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Eastern Atlantic Ocean, from the Bay of Biscay south to Senegal, including the Canary Islands. Also widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: semi-aggressive
- Alimentação: carnivore
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: 500 gallons
- Temperatura: 18-24°C (64-75°F)
- Nível de pH: 8.1-8.4
- Dureza da água: 8-12 dKH
- Compatibilidade: Best kept in species-specific tanks or with very large, robust tank mates that can tolerate its size and predatory nature. Not suitable for typical community aquariums.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires a very large aquarium with ample swimming space and hiding spots. Excellent filtration is crucial due to its size and feeding habits. Live or fresh dead fish and crustaceans are essential for its diet. Not commonly kept in home aquariums due to its size and specific needs.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: near threatened
- Sazonalidade: Spawning typically occurs from late spring to early summer (May-July) in the Mediterranean. Fishing pressure is often higher during non-spawning periods, though regulations vary by region.
- Preço de mercado: High, especially in Mediterranean markets
- Importância comercial: high
- Sabor: Mild, delicate, and slightly sweet
- Textura: Firm, flaky, and white flesh
- Métodos de preparo: Grilled, Baked, Pan-fried, Steamed, Used in stews and soups
- Valor nutricional: Excellent source of lean protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals.
Fatos principais
Sound Productionbehavior
Like many sciaenids, Sciaena umbra is capable of producing drumming or croaking sounds using specialized muscles vibrating against its swim bladder. These sounds are primarily used during spawning and territorial defense.
Longevityinteresting
Corvina Negra can live for up to 20 years in the wild, reaching sexual maturity around 3-4 years of age.
Nocturnal Foragerbehavior
While often observed during the day, Sciaena umbra is primarily a nocturnal feeder, emerging from its shelters at dusk to hunt for crustaceans and small fish.
Habitat Indicatorinteresting
The presence of healthy populations of Sciaena umbra is often considered an indicator of good water quality and healthy rocky or seagrass habitats.
Taxonomic Stabilityevolution
The species Sciaena umbra has a relatively stable taxonomic history, with few significant recent changes, though some regional populations have been subject to genetic studies.
Informações de segurança
Seguro- Nível de segurança: safe
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling practices to avoid fin spines. The dorsal and anal fin spines can be sharp, so care should be taken to prevent punctures.
Espécies similares
Meagre
Argyrosomus regius
Argyrosomus regius (Meagre) is generally larger, has a more elongated body, and a silvery-bronze coloration. Its mouth is terminal or slightly superior, and it has a more pointed snout. The lateral line is less prominent than in Sciaena umbra.
Ombrine
Umbrina cirrosa
Umbrina cirrosa (Ombrine) possesses a single, short barbel on its chin, which is absent in Sciaena umbra. Its body is typically more silvery with oblique dark stripes, and its dorsal fin is less deeply notched.
Red Drum
Sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenops ocellatus (Red Drum) is found in the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. It is characterized by one or more distinctive black spots at the base of its caudal fin, which are absent in Sciaena umbra. Its coloration is typically reddish-bronze.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Perciformes
- Família
- Sciaenidae
- Gênero
- Sciaena
- Espécie
- Sciaena umbra
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