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Sardinella aurita, commonly known as the Round Sardinella or Spanish Sardine, is a pelagic schooling fish belonging to the family Clupeidae. It is a commercially important species, characterized by its elongated, cylindrical body and silvery coloration. This species plays a crucial role in marine ecosystems as a forage fish and is a significant component of fisheries in various parts of the world.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- torpedo
- Coloração
- Dorsal side is dark blue to greenish-blue, fading to silvery flanks and a white belly. A faint golden stripe may be present along the sides, especially in fresh specimens, giving rise to the 'gilt sardine' common name. No distinct spots or markings on the body.
- Tipo de escama
- cycloid
- Posição da boca
- terminal
- Características distintivas
- Elongated, cylindrical body, less compressed than other sardine species., A distinct, dark spot often present at the posterior margin of the gill cover (operculum)., Absence of dark spots along the flanks (distinguishing it from some other Sardinella species)., Relatively large eye., Small, deciduous scales.
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Single dorsal fin, centrally located, with 17-20 soft rays. Originates slightly anterior to the midpoint of the body.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Deeply forked caudal fin, symmetrical lobes.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Small, low-set pectoral fins with 15-17 rays.
- Nadadeiras características
- Pelvic fins are small, located beneath the dorsal fin origin. Anal fin is short, located far back on the body, with 15-19 soft rays.
Dicas de identificação
Body Shape
Look for an elongated, cylindrical body, which is less compressed laterally compared to other sardine species like Sardina pilchardus.
Coloration
Observe the dark blue-green dorsal side and silvery flanks. The absence of distinct dark spots along the sides (unlike Sardinella maderensis) is a key identifier.
Gill Cover Spot
Check for a small, dark spot at the posterior edge of the operculum (gill cover), which is often present and can be a useful distinguishing mark.
Scales
Note the relatively large, easily shed (deciduous) cycloid scales.
Keel Scutes
Count the number of pre-pelvic and post-pelvic scutes (bony scales along the belly). S. aurita typically has 18-19 pre-pelvic and 13-15 post-pelvic scutes, totaling 31-34.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- saltwater
- Profundidade
- Typically found in coastal waters, from the surface down to about 100 meters (330 feet), though occasionally deeper.
- Ambiente
- Pelagic, neritic (coastal open water). Forms large, dense schools, often near the surface, over continental shelves and slopes. Prefers warm temperate to tropical waters.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and along the West African coast from Angola to Mauritania. Also found in the Western Atlantic from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea north to Massachusetts, and along the coast of Brazil.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: peaceful
- Alimentação: filter_feeder
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: Not suitable for home aquaria due to schooling behavior and size requirements.
- Temperatura: 18-26°C (64-79°F)
- Nível de pH: 8.1-8.4
- Dureza da água: 8-12 dKH
- Compatibilidade: Not suitable for mixed-species aquaria; requires large, specialized public aquarium setups for schooling species.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires extremely large, open tanks with strong filtration and water movement to simulate pelagic environment. Highly sensitive to stress and water quality fluctuations. Not recommended for private aquarists.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: least concern
- Sazonalidade: Spawning seasons vary geographically, typically occurring in warmer months. Availability in fisheries is often seasonal, influenced by migration patterns and oceanographic conditions.
- Preço de mercado: Varies significantly by region and season, generally a low to medium-priced commodity fish.
- Importância comercial: high
- Sabor: Mild, oily, distinct 'sardine' flavor.
- Textura: Soft, flaky, and delicate.
- Métodos de preparo: Grilled, Fried, Baked, Smoked, Canned, Marinated
- Valor nutricional: Rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, protein, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12.
Fatos principais
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
Sardinella aurita forms vast, dense schools, sometimes comprising millions of individuals, which is a key survival strategy against predators and aids in feeding and reproduction.
Filter Feederbehavior
This species is a filter feeder, primarily consuming phytoplankton and zooplankton by swimming with its mouth open, filtering food particles through its gill rakers.
Ecological Importanceinteresting
As a forage fish, Sardinella aurita is a critical link in marine food webs, serving as a primary food source for numerous larger predatory fish, marine mammals, and seabirds.
Rapid Growthbehavior
Sardinella aurita exhibits relatively fast growth rates and a short lifespan, typically reaching sexual maturity within 1-2 years and living for about 3-5 years.
Oceanic Migrationsbehavior
This species undertakes significant seasonal migrations, often moving between warmer spawning grounds and cooler feeding areas, influencing its availability to fisheries.
Informações de segurança
Seguro- Nível de segurança: safe
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling practices. They are not venomous and do not possess sharp spines that pose a significant threat. Their scales are easily shed, so handling should be gentle if appearance is to be preserved.
Espécies similares
Madeiran Sardinella
Sardinella maderensis
Sardinella maderensis typically has a more compressed body and often exhibits a series of faint dark spots along the flanks, which are absent in S. aurita. The number of gill rakers and vertebral count also differ.
European Pilchard
Sardina pilchardus
Sardina pilchardus has a more compressed body, larger scales, and typically has radiating striae on the operculum. It also often has a series of dark spots along the upper flanks, which are usually more prominent than any faint markings on S. maderensis and absent in S. aurita.
Atlantic Thread Herring
Opisthonema oglinum
Opisthonema oglinum is distinguished by its elongated last dorsal fin ray, forming a long filament, which is absent in Sardinella aurita. It also has a more pronounced dark spot behind the operculum and often several dark spots along the flanks.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Clupeiformes
- Família
- Clupeidae
- Gênero
- Sardinella
- Espécie
- Sardinella aurita
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