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Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, commonly known as Surubim-pintado, is a large, migratory catfish species native to major South American river basins. It is highly prized for its flesh and is a significant target for both commercial and recreational fisheries. This species is characterized by its distinctive spotted coloration, elongated body, and prominent barbels. It plays a crucial ecological role as a top predator in its freshwater ecosystems.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- elongated
- Coloração
- Dorsal surface is typically dark grey to olive-brown, fading to a lighter, silvery-white on the ventral side. The most striking feature is the pattern of large, irregular, dark spots or blotches covering the head, body, and fins, which are often outlined in a lighter color. The intensity and pattern of spots can vary geographically and individually.
- Tipo de escama
- none
- Posição da boca
- terminal
- Características distintivas
- Long, flattened head with a broad mouth, Three pairs of prominent barbels: one maxillary pair extending beyond the pectoral fins, and two shorter mandibular pairs, Adipose fin present and relatively large, Strong, serrated spines in the dorsal and pectoral fins, Distinctive spotted pattern over the entire body
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Single dorsal fin with a strong, serrated spine and 6-7 soft rays. The spine can be locked in an erect position.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Deeply forked caudal fin, with pointed lobes.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Large, fan-shaped pectoral fins, each with a strong, serrated spine and 12-14 soft rays.
- Nadadeiras características
- Anal fin relatively short with 10-13 soft rays. Pelvic fins are small and located abdominally.
Dicas de identificação
Spot Pattern
Look for the characteristic large, irregular dark spots or blotches covering the entire body, including the head and fins. This distinguishes it from other Pseudoplatystoma species with stripes or fewer, smaller spots.
Head Shape and Barbels
Note the long, flattened head and the very long maxillary barbels that extend well past the pectoral fins. The mouth is broad.
Fin Spines
Feel for the strong, serrated spines in the dorsal and pectoral fins. These are a key defensive feature.
Body Proportions
Observe the elongated, somewhat cylindrical body shape, typical of large predatory catfish.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- freshwater
- Profundidade
- Prefers deeper channels of large rivers, but migrates to flooded areas and tributaries for spawning. Can be found from surface to bottom.
- Ambiente
- Large rivers, floodplains, and associated lagoons. Typically found in turbid waters with strong currents, often near submerged logs, root masses, or undercut banks. Juveniles may inhabit shallower, vegetated areas.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Primarily found in the Paraná-Paraguay River basin (including the Pantanal), the São Francisco River basin, and parts of the Amazon basin in South America. Its range extends through Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: aggressive
- Alimentação: carnivore
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: 2000 gallons (7570 liters) for adults
- Temperatura: 22-28°C (72-82°F)
- Nível de pH: 6.0-7.5
- Dureza da água: 5-15 dGH
- Compatibilidade: Not suitable for community tanks. Can be kept with other very large, robust fish that cannot be swallowed, but aggression towards tank mates is possible. Best kept alone or in very large, species-specific exhibits.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires an extremely large aquarium with powerful filtration due to its size and predatory nature. Substrate should be soft sand to protect its barbels. Ample swimming space is essential, along with some large driftwood or rock formations for shelter. Excellent water quality and regular large water changes are paramount. Not recommended for typical home aquariums due to its immense size.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: vulnerable
- Sazonalidade: Spawning migrations typically occur during the rainy season (November to March in many regions), when water levels rise and floodplains become accessible. Fishing regulations often restrict capture during these periods.
- Preço de mercado: High, especially in Brazil and neighboring countries
- Importância comercial: high
- Sabor: Mild, firm, and flaky white flesh
- Textura: Firm, non-oily
- Métodos de preparo: Grilled, Baked, Fried, Stewed, Moqueca
- Valor nutricional: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, low in fat.
Fatos principais
Long-Distance Migratorbehavior
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans undertakes extensive annual migrations, often covering hundreds or even thousands of kilometers, to reach spawning grounds in headwater tributaries during the rainy season. These migrations are crucial for its reproductive success.
Top Predatorbehavior
As a large piscivore, the Surubim-pintado occupies a high trophic level in its ecosystem, preying on a variety of smaller fish species. This role is vital for maintaining the balance of fish populations in South American rivers.
Rapid Growthbehavior
Juvenile Surubim-pintado exhibit rapid growth rates, especially in their first few years, allowing them to quickly reach a size where they are less vulnerable to predation.
Cultural Iconinteresting
In many regions of Brazil and other South American countries, the Surubim-pintado is not just a food source but also a cultural icon, deeply embedded in local cuisine, folklore, and recreational fishing traditions.
Hybridization Potentialevolution
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans is known to hybridize naturally with other Pseudoplatystoma species, such as P. reticulatum, leading to 'cachapinta' hybrids that are also commercially important.
Informações de segurança
Manusear com cuidado- Nível de segurança: caution
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: Exercise caution when handling due to the strong, serrated spines in the dorsal and pectoral fins. These spines can inflict painful wounds and become lodged in skin or clothing. Use thick gloves and a firm grip, or a fish gripper, to avoid injury. While not venomous, secondary infections are possible from puncture wounds.
Espécies similares
Jaú
Zungaro zungaro
The Jaú has a more robust, stocky body, a much broader and flatter head, and lacks the distinct spotted pattern of P. corruscans. Its coloration is generally uniform dark brown to yellowish-brown.
Cachara
Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum
The Cachara has a reticulated (net-like) pattern of dark lines and spots, rather than the distinct, large, irregular spots of P. corruscans. The spots on P. reticulatum are typically smaller and more numerous, forming a labyrinthine pattern.
Piraíba
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum
The Piraíba is a much larger, more massive catfish, often reaching over 2 meters. It has a more uniformly dark coloration, a very broad head, and lacks the prominent spotted pattern of P. corruscans. Its barbels are also proportionally shorter.
Barbado
Pinirampus pirinampu
The Barbado has a more slender body, a distinctively pointed snout, and a uniform silvery-grey coloration without spots. Its barbels are also shorter and less prominent than those of P. corruscans.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Siluriformes
- Família
- Pimelodidae
- Gênero
- Pseudoplatystoma
- Espécie
- corruscans
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