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Pellona harroweri, commonly known as Sardinha-branca, is a small, silvery clupeiform fish belonging to the family Pristigasteridae. It is characterized by its compressed body, relatively large eyes, and a distinctively long anal fin. This species is an important component of coastal marine ecosystems in its range, often forming schools.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- compressed
- Coloração
- Overall silvery, with a darker bluish-green dorsal surface fading to bright silver on the flanks and belly. Fins are hyaline (transparent) to slightly dusky.
- Tipo de escama
- cycloid
- Posição da boca
- superior
- Características distintivas
- Deeply compressed body, almost leaf-like., Relatively large eyes, positioned anteriorly., Long anal fin originating well before the dorsal fin origin., A series of keeled scutes along the ventral midline, from the isthmus to the anus.
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Single, short dorsal fin located posterior to the midpoint of the body, typically with 13-16 soft rays. No spines.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Deeply forked caudal fin, symmetrical lobes.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Pectoral fins are moderately long, typically with 13-15 rays.
- Nadadeiras características
- Anal fin is notably long, originating anterior to the dorsal fin origin, with 38-45 soft rays. Pelvic fins are small, located abdominally.
Dicas de identificação
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for a very compressed, silvery body with a darker back. The overall 'sardine-like' appearance is key.
Anal Fin Length
The most distinguishing feature is the exceptionally long anal fin, which starts significantly anterior to the dorsal fin.
Ventral Scutes
Feel for the sharp, keeled scutes along the belly, a characteristic of the Pristigasteridae family.
Mouth Position
The upward-pointing (superior) mouth is indicative of its feeding habits on surface or mid-water prey.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- saltwater
- Profundidade
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and brackish lagoons, from the surface down to about 50 meters.
- Ambiente
- Pelagic-neritic, often schooling in turbid waters over muddy or sandy bottoms. Tolerant of a wide range of salinities.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Western Atlantic Ocean, from the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico south along the coast of Central and South America to southern Brazil.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: peaceful
- Alimentação: carnivore
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: Not typically kept in aquariums due to schooling behavior and specific environmental needs.
- Temperatura: 24-28°C
- Nível de pH: 7.8-8.4
- Dureza da água: 10-20 dKH
- Compatibilidade: Not suitable for typical home aquariums. In specialized public aquariums, they would require large schooling tanks with other pelagic species of similar size and temperament.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires very large tanks to accommodate schooling behavior, pristine water quality, and a constant supply of live or frozen small invertebrates and fish larvae. Highly sensitive to stress and water parameter fluctuations.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: least concern
- Sazonalidade: Present year-round, but abundance may vary seasonally with oceanographic conditions and prey availability. Spawning aggregations can lead to localized increases in catch.
- Preço de mercado: Low to moderate, primarily for bait or local consumption.
- Importância comercial: low
- Sabor: Mild, slightly oily.
- Textura: Soft, flaky.
- Métodos de preparo: fried, grilled, canned
- Valor nutricional: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, typical of small pelagic fish.
Fatos principais
Unique Anal Fininteresting
The Sardinha-branca is easily recognized by its unusually long anal fin, which starts significantly forward of its dorsal fin, a key characteristic of the Pristigasteridae family.
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
This species forms large schools, which is a common anti-predator strategy and aids in foraging efficiency in its coastal habitats.
Dietary Generalistbehavior
Pellona harroweri is an opportunistic feeder, primarily consuming zooplankton, small crustaceans, and fish larvae, reflecting its role as a mid-trophic level species.
Ecological Importanceinteresting
As a schooling pelagic fish, it serves as a crucial food source for a variety of larger predatory fish, seabirds, and marine mammals in its ecosystem.
Informações de segurança
Seguro- Nível de segurança: safe
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling. They are not venomous and do not possess sharp spines that pose a significant threat. Their scales are easily dislodged.
Espécies similares
Atlantic Thread Herring
Opisthonema oglinum
Pellona harroweri lacks the long, filamentous last dorsal fin ray characteristic of Opisthonema species. Also, O. oglinum has a more robust body and a less pronounced superior mouth.
Scaled Sardine
Harengula jaguana
Harengula jaguana has a more fusiform (spindle-shaped) body, a terminal mouth, and a shorter anal fin that originates posterior to the dorsal fin. Its scales are also more firmly attached.
Other Pellona species
Pellona flavipinnis (freshwater)
Pellona harroweri is a marine/brackish species, while P. flavipinnis is a freshwater species found in South American rivers. Morphologically, P. flavipinnis typically has a more yellowish tint to its fins and can grow larger.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Clupeiformes
- Família
- Pristigasteridae
- Gênero
- Pellona
- Espécie
- Pellona harroweri
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