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Notothenia coriiceps, commonly known as the Bacalhau-da-Antártida or Blackfin notothen, is a demersal fish species belonging to the family Nototheniidae. It is a prominent member of the Antarctic ichthyofauna, adapted to the extreme cold waters of the Southern Ocean. This species plays a significant ecological role in its habitat, serving as both a predator and prey item. Its physiology includes adaptations such as antifreeze glycoproteins in its blood, allowing it to survive in sub-zero temperatures.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- torpedo
- Coloração
- Dorsally dark brown to black, fading to lighter brown or grey on the flanks and ventral surface. Fins are typically dark, often black, especially the pectoral and dorsal fins, giving rise to the common name 'blackfin notothen'. Irregular blotches or bands may be present on the body.
- Tipo de escama
- cycloid
- Posição da boca
- terminal
- Características distintivas
- Robust body with a large head (approximately 30-35% of standard length)., Large eyes., Two dorsal fins: the first short and spiny, the second long and soft-rayed., Prominent pectoral fins., Absence of scales on the head and anterior part of the body in some individuals, or cycloid scales embedded in thick skin., Lateral line system typically consists of two or three lines, often with ossified tubules.
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Two dorsal fins: D1 (spiny) with 4-7 spines; D2 (soft-rayed) with 35-40 rays. The first dorsal fin is short, while the second is long, extending almost to the caudal fin.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate, with 12-14 branched rays.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Large and rounded, with 20-25 rays, often dark or black.
- Nadadeiras características
- Pelvic fins jugular, positioned anterior to the pectoral fins, with 1 spine and 5 soft rays.
Dicas de identificação
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for a robust, torpedo-shaped body with a dark brown to black dorsal coloration fading to lighter shades ventrally. Irregular blotches may be present.
Head and Eyes
Note the large head and prominent eyes, characteristic of many Antarctic fish.
Dorsal Fins
Observe the two distinct dorsal fins: a short, spiny first dorsal and a much longer, soft-rayed second dorsal.
Pectoral Fins
The large, often dark or black pectoral fins are a key identifier, contributing to its 'blackfin' common name.
Scales
Feel for cycloid scales, which may be embedded in thick skin, particularly on the head and anterior body where scales might be absent or difficult to discern.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- saltwater
- Profundidade
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters, from the intertidal zone down to approximately 500 meters, though most commonly observed in depths less than 100 meters.
- Ambiente
- Demersal, inhabiting rocky reefs, kelp beds, and soft bottoms near the coast. Often associated with ice-covered areas and ice scour zones.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean, primarily around the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Georgia, and other sub-Antarctic islands. Its range extends to the northernmost limits of the Antarctic Convergence.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: peaceful
- Alimentação: carnivore
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: Not suitable for home aquaria due to specialized environmental requirements.
- Temperatura: -1.8°C to 2°C
- Nível de pH: 7.8-8.2
- Dureza da água: High (marine salinity)
- Compatibilidade: Not applicable for home aquaria. In research settings, typically housed with conspecifics or other Antarctic species under strict environmental control.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires highly specialized, chilled marine aquaria with precise temperature control, high oxygenation, and specific salinity. Not suitable for public or private aquariums without advanced life support systems and expertise in Antarctic fish husbandry.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: least concern
- Sazonalidade: Present year-round, but reproductive seasonality varies by region and specific population. Spawning generally occurs during austral autumn/winter.
- Preço de mercado: Low to none (not a primary commercial target)
- Importância comercial: low
- Sabor: Mild, slightly sweet
- Textura: Firm, flaky white flesh
- Métodos de preparo: Baked, Grilled, Fried, Steamed
- Valor nutricional: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids.
Fatos principais
Antifreeze Proteinsevolution
Notothenia coriiceps, like many Antarctic fish, produces antifreeze glycoproteins in its blood and other bodily fluids. These proteins bind to ice crystals and prevent them from growing, allowing the fish to survive in waters that are consistently below the freezing point of typical fish blood.
Ecological Rolebehavior
This species is a key component of the Antarctic coastal ecosystem. It preys on a variety of invertebrates and smaller fish, and in turn, serves as an important food source for seals, seabirds, and larger fish.
Cold Adaptationamazing
Beyond antifreeze proteins, N. coriiceps exhibits other remarkable adaptations to its cold environment, including a relatively slow metabolism, high blood volume, and efficient oxygen extraction from cold water.
Reproductive Strategybehavior
Notothenia coriiceps is known to exhibit parental care, with males often guarding nests of eggs laid on the seafloor. This strategy is common among many Antarctic notothenioids.
Informações de segurança
Seguro- Nível de segurança: safe
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: No specific handling precautions beyond standard fish handling. Care should be taken to avoid injury from fin spines, though they are not venomous. Due to its cold-water adaptation, prolonged exposure to warmer air temperatures can be detrimental to the fish if caught and released.
Espécies similares
Emerald Rockcod
Trematomus bernacchii
Trematomus bernacchii typically has a more mottled green-brown coloration, often with distinct vertical bands. Its head is generally smaller in proportion to its body, and its pectoral fins are not as prominently dark as in Notothenia coriiceps. The lateral line system can also differ in complexity and number of lines.
Marbled Rockcod
Notothenia rossii
Notothenia rossii generally has a more elongated body and a distinct marbled pattern of brown and cream. Its head is relatively smaller, and its fins are typically not as uniformly dark as those of N. coriiceps. N. rossii also tends to inhabit slightly deeper waters as adults.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Perciformes
- Família
- Nototheniidae
- Gênero
- Notothenia
- Espécie
- Notothenia coriiceps
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