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Anchoviella lepidentostole, commonly known as Manjuba, is a small, schooling pelagic fish belonging to the family Engraulidae (anchovies). It is characterized by its elongated, slender body, silvery coloration, and a prominent snout that extends beyond its lower jaw. This species plays a significant ecological role as a forage fish and is of considerable commercial importance in its native range.
Características físicas
- Formato do corpo
- elongated
- Coloração
- Dorsal side is typically greenish-blue to brownish-gray, fading to a bright silvery-white on the flanks and belly. A distinct silvery lateral stripe is often present, especially in live specimens.
- Tipo de escama
- cycloid
- Posição da boca
- inferior
- Características distintivas
- Snout prominent, projecting beyond the tip of the lower jaw., Maxilla (upper jaw bone) extends posteriorly beyond the preopercle, often reaching the gill opening., Large, silvery scales that are easily shed., Absence of scutes (bony plates) along the belly, distinguishing it from some other clupeiforms.
- Nadadeira dorsal
- Single, relatively short dorsal fin located mid-body, typically with 12-15 soft rays.
- Nadadeira caudal
- Deeply forked caudal fin, symmetrical lobes.
- Nadadeira peitoral
- Small, low-set pectoral fins, typically with 11-13 soft rays.
- Nadadeiras características
- Anal fin is long, originating posterior to the dorsal fin base, with 18-23 soft rays. Pelvic fins are small and located abdominally.
Dicas de identificação
Snout projection
The most reliable field mark is the prominent, pointed snout that clearly extends beyond the tip of the lower jaw.
Maxilla length
The upper jaw bone (maxilla) is notably long, extending past the preopercle and often reaching the gill opening.
Absence of ventral scutes
Unlike many other clupeiforms (herrings and sardines), Anchoviella lepidentostole lacks a series of sharp, bony scutes along its belly.
Anal fin origin
The anal fin originates distinctly behind the posterior base of the dorsal fin.
Habitat
- Tipo de água
- brackish
- Profundidade
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and lagoons, from the surface down to about 50 meters.
- Ambiente
- Coastal pelagic and estuarine environments, often associated with turbid waters. Forms large, dense schools.
- Distribuição geográfica
- Western Atlantic Ocean, from the Caribbean Sea (e.g., Venezuela, Trinidad) south along the coast of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Its distribution extends into the lower reaches of major river systems influenced by tides.
Informações sobre aquário
- Nível de cuidado: expert
- Temperamento: peaceful
- Alimentação: filter_feeder
- Tamanho mínimo do aquário: Not suitable for home aquaria due to schooling behavior and specific dietary needs.
- Temperatura: 22-28°C
- Nível de pH: 7.0-8.0
- Dureza da água: 10-20 dGH
- Compatibilidade: Not suitable for typical aquarium environments. In specialized public aquaria, they would require large schooling tanks with other small, peaceful pelagic species.
- Requisitos especiais: Requires extremely large tanks to accommodate schooling behavior, specialized filtration for planktonic food, and precise water quality. Not recommended for hobbyists.
Informações no ambiente natural
- Estado de conservação: least concern
- Sazonalidade: Spawning peaks typically occur during warmer months, leading to higher abundance in coastal waters. Availability can vary seasonally due to migratory patterns and fishing regulations.
- Preço de mercado: Variable, generally low to moderate depending on region and season.
- Importância comercial: high
- Sabor: Mild, slightly oily, delicate flavor.
- Textura: Soft, flaky, and tender.
- Métodos de preparo: Fried (often whole or lightly battered), Pickled, Salted and dried, Used in fish pastes or sauces
- Valor nutricional: Rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, protein, calcium, and vitamin D.
Fatos principais
Ecological Keystonebehavior
Manjuba serves as a crucial forage fish, forming a vital link in the marine food web, providing sustenance for numerous predatory fish, seabirds, and marine mammals.
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
This species forms massive, dense schools, a common anti-predator strategy among small pelagic fish, which also aids in feeding and reproduction.
Estuarine Dependencebehavior
Manjuba exhibits a strong dependence on estuarine and coastal environments, utilizing these productive areas for spawning, nursery grounds, and feeding.
Rapid Life Cyclebehavior
Like many anchovies, Manjuba has a relatively short lifespan and rapid reproductive cycle, allowing its populations to recover quickly from fishing pressure under favorable conditions.
Filter Feederbehavior
Manjuba primarily feeds on zooplankton and phytoplankton by filtering water through its gill rakers, playing a role in controlling plankton populations.
Informações de segurança
Seguro- Nível de segurança: safe
- Venenoso: Não
- Comestibilidade: edible
- Observações de manuseio: No specific handling precautions are required. They are small, non-venomous, and lack sharp spines. Their scales are easily shed, so gentle handling is advised if specimens are to be kept intact.
Espécies similares
Bay Anchovy
Anchoa mitchilli
Anchoa mitchilli has a shorter maxilla that typically does not extend beyond the preopercle, and its snout is less pronounced, not projecting as far beyond the lower jaw. It also has a more northern distribution.
Striped Anchovy
Anchoa hepsetus
Anchoa hepsetus has a more slender body, a longer and more pointed snout, and a distinct silvery lateral stripe that is often more prominent and extends further along the body. Its maxilla also extends further back, but its overall body shape and stripe can differentiate it.
Brazilian Anchovy
Anchoviella brevirostris
Anchoviella brevirostris, as its name suggests, has a shorter snout that does not project as far beyond the lower jaw. Its maxilla is also shorter, typically not reaching the gill opening.
Classificação científica
- Reino
- Animalia
- Filo
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordem
- Clupeiformes
- Família
- Engraulidae
- Gênero
- Anchoviella
- Espécie
- lepidentostole
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