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Pollachius pollachius, commonly known as Pollack or Lythe, is a commercially important marine fish belonging to the family Gadidae. It is a predatory species found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, known for its strong swimming ability and preference for rocky, inshore habitats. It is often confused with its close relative, the Saithe (Pollachius virens), but can be distinguished by its prominent lateral line and the absence of a chin barbel.
Fysiske kjennetegn
- Kroppsform
- torpedo
- Farge
- Dorsal side typically dark greenish-brown to olive, fading to silvery-white on the flanks and belly. Often has a mottled appearance. The lateral line is distinctly arched over the pectoral fin.
- Skjelltype
- cycloid
- Munnposisjon
- terminal
- Særtrekk
- Absence of a chin barbel (unlike cod and haddock), Prominent, arched lateral line, dark in color, Large eyes, Protruding lower jaw, Three dorsal fins and two anal fins
- Ryggfinne
- Three distinct dorsal fins. The first is short, the second and third are longer and roughly equal in length.
- Halefinne
- Forked caudal fin.
- Brystfinne
- Relatively large and pointed pectoral fins.
- Karakteristiske finner
- Two distinct anal fins, similar in shape to the second and third dorsal fins.
Identifikasjonstips
Lateral Line
The most reliable distinguishing feature is the dark, distinctly arched lateral line, which curves sharply upwards over the pectoral fin. This contrasts with the straight lateral line of Saithe (Pollachius virens).
Chin Barbel
Pollack lacks a chin barbel, a small fleshy appendage found on the chin of many other gadids like Cod (Gadus morhua) and Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).
Lower Jaw
The lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper jaw, giving it a slightly underslung appearance.
Coloration
Generally darker, more greenish-brown dorsally compared to the Saithe, which is typically darker and more uniformly colored.
Habitat
- Vanntype
- saltwater
- Dybde
- Typically found from near the surface down to 200 meters (650 feet), occasionally deeper. Juveniles are often found in shallower, inshore waters.
- Miljø
- Prefers rocky reefs, wrecks, and areas with strong currents. Often found in mid-water over these structures, but can also be demersal. Forms schools, especially when young.
- Geografisk utbredelse
- Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, from Norway and Iceland south to the Bay of Biscay, and around the British Isles. Also found in the western Mediterranean Sea.
Akvarieinformasjon
- Stellenivå: expert
- Temperament: aggressive
- Diett: carnivore
- Minste akvariestørrelse: Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to size and specific habitat requirements. Requires very large public aquarium exhibits.
- Temperatur: 8-18°C (46-64°F)
- pH-nivå: 7.8-8.4
- Hardhet: High (marine salinity)
- Kompatibilitet: Only compatible with very large, robust fish of similar size and temperament in extremely large, specialized exhibits. Not suitable for community tanks.
- Spesielle krav: Requires very large, deep tanks with strong water flow and rocky structures for shelter. Mimicking natural oceanic conditions is crucial. Not typically kept in private aquariums.
Informasjon fra naturen
- Bevaringsstatus: least concern
- Sesong: Available year-round, but peak fishing seasons can vary regionally, often in cooler months when they are more aggregated.
- Markedspris: Moderate to high, depending on region and season.
- Kommersiell betydning: high
- Smak: Mild, slightly sweet, less pronounced than cod.
- Konsistens: Flaky, firm, white flesh.
- Tilberedningsmetoder: Baking, Grilling, Frying, Steaming, Poaching
- Næringsverdi: Good source of lean protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals (e.g., B12, selenium).
Nøkkelfakta
Predatory Lifestylebehavior
Pollack are active predators, primarily feeding on smaller fish like sandeels, sprats, and herring, as well as crustaceans and cephalopods. They are known for their strong pursuit of prey.
Habitat Preferencebehavior
Unlike many other gadids that prefer soft bottoms, Pollack are strongly associated with rocky reefs, wrecks, and kelp beds, using these structures for ambush points and shelter.
Angler's Delightinteresting
Pollack are highly prized by recreational anglers due to their strong fighting capabilities and willingness to take lures and baits, especially around structure.
Growth and Longevityrecord
Pollack can grow up to 130 cm (51 inches) in length and live for over 15 years, though individuals over 1 meter are less common in heavily fished areas.
Spawning Migrationsbehavior
Adult Pollack undertake seasonal migrations to offshore spawning grounds, typically in deeper waters, during late winter and early spring.
Sikkerhetsinformasjon
Trygg- Sikkerhetsnivå: safe
- Giftig: Nei
- Spiselighet: edible
- Håndteringsnotater: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling practices to avoid fin pricks or cuts. Not venomous or dangerous.
Lignende arter
Saithe
Pollachius virens
Saithe has a straight, pale lateral line, whereas Pollack has a dark, distinctly arched lateral line. Saithe also typically has a more uniformly dark body coloration and a less protruding lower jaw.
Atlantic Cod
Gadus morhua
Atlantic Cod possesses a prominent chin barbel and a straight lateral line. Its body shape is generally more robust, and its coloration is often mottled brown or greenish with spots.
Haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Haddock has a distinct black spot (the 'thumbprint of St. Peter') above the pectoral fin, a small chin barbel, and a dark lateral line that is not as distinctly arched as the Pollack's.
Vitenskapelig klassifisering
- Rike
- Animalia
- Rekke
- Chordata
- Klasse
- Actinopterygii
- Orden
- Gadiformes
- Familie
- Gadidae
- Slekt
- Pollachius
- Art
- Pollachius pollachius
Utforsk Pollack
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