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Trichopodus trichopterus, commonly known as the Three Spot Gourami or Sepat Siam, is a medium-sized anabantoid fish native to Southeast Asia. It is characterized by its compressed body, labyrinth organ for breathing atmospheric air, and prominent pelvic fins modified into long, filamentous feelers. The species exhibits significant color polymorphism, leading to several popular aquarium strains.
Ciri-ciri Fizikal
- Bentuk badan
- compressed
- Warna
- Wild type typically exhibits a greenish-brown to silvery-blue body with two distinct dark spots: one centrally located on the flank and another at the caudal peduncle. A third 'spot' is often considered to be the eye. Color variants include blue (Opaline), gold, and silver, often with marbled or reticulated patterns. Males are generally more colorful, especially during breeding, and may develop elongated dorsal and anal fins.
- Jenis sisik
- ctenoid
- Kedudukan mulut
- superior
- Ciri tersendiri
- Two prominent dark spots on the body (plus the eye, making 'three spots'), Long, filamentous, tactile pelvic fins, Labyrinth organ for atmospheric air breathing, Slightly upturned mouth
- Sirip dorsal
- Single, relatively short, with 5-7 spines and 9-11 soft rays. Males often have a more pointed dorsal fin.
- Sirip ekor
- Rounded to slightly emarginate.
- Sirip pektoral
- Transparent, fan-shaped, used for propulsion and maneuvering.
- Sirip tersendiri
- Pelvic fins are modified into long, thread-like sensory organs, often extending beyond the caudal fin.
Petua Pengenalan
Body Spots
Look for the two distinct dark spots on the body, one mid-body and one at the caudal peduncle. The eye is often considered the 'third spot'.
Pelvic Fins
The long, thread-like pelvic fins are a key identifier for gouramis, particularly this species.
Body Shape
Its laterally compressed, oval-shaped body is characteristic.
Labyrinth Organ
While not externally visible, observing the fish regularly surfacing to gulp air confirms its anabantoid nature.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- freshwater
- Kedalaman
- Shallow, typically less than 2 meters
- Persekitaran
- Slow-moving or stagnant waters such as swamps, canals, ditches, rice paddies, floodplains, and heavily vegetated lakes and rivers. Prefers dense aquatic vegetation and muddy substrates.
- Julat geografi
- Native to Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Java). Widely introduced in other tropical and subtropical regions globally due to aquaculture and the aquarium trade.
Maklumat Akuarium
- Tahap penjagaan: beginner
- Perangai: semi-aggressive
- Diet: omnivore
- Saiz tangki minimum: 30 gallons (114 liters)
- Suhu: 23-28°C (73-82°F)
- Tahap pH: 6.0-8.0
- Kekerasan air: 5-19 dGH
- Keserasian: Generally compatible with other peaceful to semi-aggressive community fish of similar size. Avoid fin-nippers or overly aggressive species. Males can be territorial towards each other.
- Keperluan khas: Requires a well-planted tank with plenty of hiding spots and surface cover (e.g., floating plants). A tight-fitting lid is essential as they can jump. The labyrinth organ necessitates access to atmospheric air at the water surface. Provide a varied diet.
Maklumat Liar
- Status pemuliharaan: least concern
- Musim: Breeds year-round in suitable conditions, with increased activity during rainy seasons in natural habitats.
- Harga pasaran: Low to moderate (aquarium trade), moderate (food fish in native regions)
- Kepentingan komersial: medium
- Rasa: Mild, slightly sweet
- Tekstur: Flaky, tender
- Kaedah memasak: Fried, Grilled, Steamed, Curried, Fermented (e.g., 'Pla Ra' in Thailand)
- Nilai pemakanan: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids.
Fakta utama
Labyrinth Organevolution
Trichopodus trichopterus possesses a specialized respiratory organ called the labyrinth organ, which allows it to breathe atmospheric air directly. This adaptation enables it to survive in oxygen-poor waters where other fish would perish.
Tactile Pelvic Finsbehavior
Its long, thread-like pelvic fins are highly sensitive and are used as tactile organs to explore its environment, locate food, and communicate with other fish, especially in murky waters.
Bubble Nest Builderbehavior
Males of this species construct elaborate bubble nests at the water surface to house and protect their eggs and fry. This parental care is a characteristic behavior of many anabantoids.
Color Morphsinteresting
Through selective breeding in the aquarium hobby, numerous color morphs have been developed from the wild type, including the popular Blue (Opaline), Gold, and Silver Gouramis, all belonging to the same species.
Taxonomic Revisionevolution
Historically, this species was classified under the genus Trichogaster. However, recent phylogenetic studies have reclassified it into the genus Trichopodus, along with other large gouramis, while smaller species like the Dwarf Gourami remain in Trichogaster.
Maklumat keselamatan
Selamat- Tahap keselamatan: safe
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kebolehmakanan: edible
- Nota pengendalian: No specific handling precautions beyond standard fish handling to minimize stress. Avoid excessive netting or prolonged exposure to air. Their labyrinth organ allows them to survive out of water for short periods, but this should not be exploited.
Spesies serupa
Giant Gourami
Osphronemus goramy
Much larger adult size (up to 70 cm), different body shape (more robust), and distinct facial features. Lacks the two prominent body spots of T. trichopterus.
Pearl Gourami
Trichopodus leerii
Distinguished by a reticulated 'pearl' pattern over its entire body and a prominent black line running from the snout to the caudal fin. Lacks the distinct two large body spots.
Kissing Gourami
Helostoma temminckii
Possesses thick, fleshy lips and a unique 'kissing' behavior. Lacks the two body spots and has a different overall body and fin morphology.
Snakeskin Gourami
Trichopodus pectoralis
Has a more elongated body and a distinctive 'snakeskin' pattern of oblique stripes. Lacks the two prominent body spots.
Klasifikasi saintifik
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Anabantiformes
- Keluarga
- Osphronemidae
- Genus
- Trichopodus
- Spesies
- trichopterus
Terokai Three Spot Gourami
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