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Scomberomorus commerson, commonly known as the Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel or Tenggiri, is a large, fast-swimming predatory pelagic fish belonging to the family Scombridae. It is highly prized as a food fish and a popular target for recreational and commercial fisheries throughout its range. This species is characterized by its streamlined, fusiform body, powerful caudal fin, and distinctive vertical bars on its flanks.
Ciri-ciri Fizikal
- Bentuk badan
- torpedo
- Warna
- Dorsal surface iridescent blue-green, fading to silvery on the flanks and belly. Juveniles and adults possess numerous narrow, wavy, vertical dark bars on their sides, which are more prominent in younger individuals and can fade in larger adults.
- Jenis sisik
- cycloid
- Kedudukan mulut
- terminal
- Ciri tersendiri
- Highly streamlined, fusiform body, Numerous narrow, wavy, vertical dark bars on flanks, Large, pointed head with a wide mouth, Strong, conical teeth, Lateral line with a distinct dip below the second dorsal fin
- Sirip dorsal
- Two dorsal fins; the first is long with 15-18 spines, the second is shorter with 15-19 soft rays, followed by 8-10 finlets. The first dorsal fin is typically dark.
- Sirip ekor
- Deeply forked, lunate caudal fin, characteristic of fast-swimming pelagic fish.
- Sirip pektoral
- Short, located high on the body, with 21-24 rays.
- Sirip tersendiri
- Anal fin similar in shape and size to the second dorsal fin, with 16-20 soft rays, followed by 7-10 finlets. Pelvic fins are small and located below the pectoral fins.
Petua Pengenalan
Body Shape
Look for the classic torpedo-shaped, streamlined body, indicative of a fast swimmer.
Coloration and Markings
The most distinguishing feature is the presence of numerous narrow, wavy, vertical dark bars on the silvery flanks. These bars are more pronounced in smaller individuals.
Lateral Line
Observe the lateral line, which has a distinct and abrupt dip below the second dorsal fin.
First Dorsal Fin
The first dorsal fin is typically dark or blackish, which can help differentiate it from some other mackerel species.
Size
This is one of the largest Spanish mackerel species, commonly reaching lengths over 1 meter and weights exceeding 20 kg.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- saltwater
- Kedalaman
- Typically found in coastal waters, often near reefs, islands, and estuaries, but also in open pelagic waters. Ranges from the surface down to at least 200 meters.
- Persekitaran
- Pelagic, neritic, and oceanic waters. Prefers clear, warm tropical and subtropical waters. Often found in schools, especially juveniles, but large adults can be solitary.
- Julat geografi
- Widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa eastward to Fiji, and from Japan southward to Australia. Absent from the central Pacific Ocean.
Maklumat Akuarium
- Tahap penjagaan: expert
- Perangai: aggressive
- Diet: carnivore
- Saiz tangki minimum: Not suitable for home aquaria due to its large size and pelagic nature. Requires extremely large public aquarium exhibits.
- Suhu: 24-29°C (75-84°F)
- Tahap pH: 8.1-8.4
- Kekerasan air: 8-12 dKH
- Keserasian: Not compatible with most other species due to its predatory nature and size. Only suitable for large, species-specific exhibits or with other very large, robust pelagic fish.
- Keperluan khas: Requires immense swimming space, strong filtration, and a constant supply of live or fresh dead fish as food. Extremely challenging to maintain in captivity.
Maklumat Liar
- Status pemuliharaan: least concern
- Musim: Seasonal movements are common, often migrating to cooler waters during warmer months and vice-versa, or following prey aggregations. Spawning typically occurs in warmer months.
- Harga pasaran: Varies significantly by region and season, often high due to demand for its flesh.
- Kepentingan komersial: high
- Rasa: Mild to medium-strong, rich, and savory.
- Tekstur: Firm, flaky, and moist, with large, white flakes.
- Kaedah memasak: Grilling, Frying, Baking, Steaming, Smoking, Curries, Fish cakes
- Nilai pemakanan: Excellent source of protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin B12, and Selenium.
Fakta utama
Speed Demonbehavior
Scomberomorus commerson is one of the fastest fish in the ocean, capable of bursts of speed exceeding 80 km/h (50 mph) to catch prey.
Apex Predatorbehavior
As an apex predator in its ecosystem, it plays a crucial role in controlling populations of smaller pelagic fish.
Migratory Marvelbehavior
This species undertakes extensive seasonal migrations, often covering thousands of kilometers in search of food and suitable spawning grounds.
Sizeable Catchrecord
The largest recorded Scomberomorus commerson weighed over 45 kg (100 lbs) and measured more than 2.4 meters (8 feet) in length, making it a truly giant mackerel.
No Swim Bladderinteresting
Like many fast-swimming pelagic fish, S. commerson lacks a swim bladder, meaning it must constantly swim to maintain buoyancy.
Maklumat keselamatan
Kendalikan dengan berhati-hati- Tahap keselamatan: caution
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kebolehmakanan: edible
- Nota pengendalian: Scomberomorus commerson possesses sharp teeth and can inflict painful bites if handled carelessly. Use gloves and appropriate tools (e.g., fish grippers, pliers for hook removal) when handling. Large individuals are powerful and can thrash violently, posing a risk of injury.
Spesies serupa
Broad-barred Spanish Mackerel
Scomberomorus semifasciatus
Has fewer, broader, and more irregular vertical bars on its flanks compared to the narrow, wavy bars of S. commerson. Also generally smaller in maximum size.
Queensland School Mackerel
Scomberomorus queenslandicus
Possesses large, irregular spots and blotches on its sides, rather than distinct bars. The lateral line has a more gradual curve, not the sharp dip seen in S. commerson.
Indo-Pacific King Mackerel (juvenile)
Scomberomorus guttatus
While juveniles of S. commerson can be confused, S. guttatus typically has distinct spots rather than bars, though some variations exist. The lateral line dip is also less pronounced in S. guttatus.
Klasifikasi saintifik
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Scombriformes
- Keluarga
- Scombridae
- Genus
- Scomberomorus
- Spesies
- commerson
Terokai Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel
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