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Flathead Grey Mullet

Selamat

Mugil cephalus

Juga dikenali sebagai: Striped Mullet, Common Mullet, Black Mullet, Sea Mullet, Cipal, Batos

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Penerangan

Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the Flathead Grey Mullet, is a euryhaline and catadromous fish species found in coastal tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. It is characterized by its robust, cylindrical body, small, triangular mouth, and distinctive adipose eyelid. This species is highly adaptable, inhabiting a wide range of environments from marine coastal areas to estuaries and even freshwater rivers. It plays a significant ecological role as a detritivore and is of considerable commercial importance globally.

Ciri-ciri Fizikal

Bentuk badan
torpedo
Warna
Dorsal side is typically olive-green to bluish-grey, fading to silvery on the flanks and white on the belly. Often has 6-7 faint longitudinal stripes along the sides, more prominent in younger individuals.
Jenis sisik
cycloid
Kedudukan mulut
terminal
Ciri tersendiri
Robust, cylindrical body, slightly compressed anteriorly., Small, terminal mouth with thick lips., Prominent adipose eyelid covering most of the eye, leaving only a vertical slit for the pupil., Two widely separated dorsal fins., Large, cycloid scales.
Sirip dorsal
Two distinct dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin has 4 strong, rigid spines. The second dorsal fin has 8-9 soft rays.
Sirip ekor
Moderately forked caudal fin.
Sirip pektoral
Pectoral fins are relatively short, not reaching the origin of the first dorsal fin.
Sirip tersendiri
Pelvic fins are abdominal, located well behind the pectoral fins.

Petua Pengenalan

Adipose Eyelid

The most distinguishing feature is the prominent, fatty eyelid that covers much of the eye, leaving only a vertical slit for the pupil. This is a key differentiator from many other mullet species.

Dorsal Fins

Two widely separated dorsal fins. The first is spiny (4 spines), and the second is soft-rayed (8-9 rays). This separation is characteristic.

Mouth

Small, triangular mouth with thick lips. The mouth is not protractile, and there are no teeth visible to the naked eye.

Coloration and Stripes

Olive-green to bluish-grey back, silvery sides, and white belly. Faint longitudinal stripes (6-7) are often visible along the sides, especially in younger fish.

Habitat

Jenis air
brackish
Kedalaman
Typically found in shallow coastal waters, estuaries, lagoons, and lower reaches of rivers, from surface to about 120 meters (390 feet).
Persekitaran
Highly adaptable, inhabiting marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Prefers sandy or muddy bottoms where it can forage for detritus and algae. Tolerates a wide range of salinities and temperatures.
Julat geografi
Cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, including the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

Maklumat Akuarium

  • Tahap penjagaan: advanced
  • Perangai: peaceful
  • Diet: filter_feeder
  • Saiz tangki minimum: 500 gallons (for adults)
  • Suhu: 18-28°C (64-82°F)
  • Tahap pH: 7.0-8.5
  • Kekerasan air: 10-25 dGH
  • Keserasian: Generally peaceful with other large, non-aggressive fish. Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to size and specialized feeding.
  • Keperluan khas: Requires very large tanks with excellent filtration to handle their detritivorous feeding habits and waste production. Needs fine substrate for foraging and access to brackish or marine conditions. Not commonly kept in home aquaria due to size and specific needs.

Maklumat Liar

  • Status pemuliharaan: least concern
  • Musim: Spawning typically occurs offshore in autumn and winter in temperate regions, and year-round in tropical areas. Availability for fishing can vary seasonally based on migration patterns and local regulations.
  • Harga pasaran: Varies significantly by region and market demand, often moderate to high for food fish and roe.
  • Kepentingan komersial: high
  • Rasa: Mild, somewhat earthy, can be oily depending on diet and season.
  • Tekstur: Firm, flaky, white flesh.
  • Kaedah memasak: Grilled, Baked, Fried, Smoked, Steamed, Used for roe (bottarga)
  • Nilai pemakanan: Good source of protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals. Fat content varies seasonally.

Fakta utama

Global Traveleramazing

Mugil cephalus has one of the widest distributions of any fish species, found in tropical and subtropical waters across all major oceans.

Euryhaline Championbehavior

This species is remarkably euryhaline, meaning it can tolerate a wide range of salinities, from full marine to pure freshwater, allowing it to exploit diverse habitats.

Detritivore Dietbehavior

Mugil cephalus primarily feeds on detritus, algae, diatoms, and small invertebrates found in the substrate, acting as an important link in estuarine food webs.

Valuable Roeinteresting

The roe (eggs) of Mugil cephalus is highly prized in many cultures, particularly in the Mediterranean (bottarga) and Asia, where it is considered a delicacy.

Leaping Mulletbehavior

Mullet are known for their characteristic leaping behavior, often jumping clear out of the water, though the exact reason for this behavior is still debated among scientists.

Maklumat keselamatan

Selamat
  • Tahap keselamatan: safe
  • Berbisa: Tidak
  • Kebolehmakanan: edible
  • Nota pengendalian: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling practices. They can be quite slippery due to mucus production.

Spesies serupa

Thinlip Mullet

Liza ramada

Liza ramada has thinner lips and lacks the prominent adipose eyelid of Mugil cephalus. Its pectoral fin typically reaches the origin of the first dorsal fin, unlike M. cephalus.

Thicklip Mullet

Chelon labrosus

Chelon labrosus has noticeably thicker, fleshy lips and a less developed adipose eyelid compared to Mugil cephalus. It also often has a dark spot at the base of the pectoral fin.

Golden Grey Mullet

Liza aurata

Liza aurata is distinguished by a prominent golden spot on each operculum (gill cover) and a less developed adipose eyelid than Mugil cephalus.

Klasifikasi saintifik

Kerajaan
Animalia
Filum
Chordata
Kelas
Actinopterygii
Ordo
Mugiliformes
Keluarga
Mugilidae
Genus
Mugil
Spesies
Mugil cephalus

Terokai Flathead Grey Mullet

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