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Danio rerio, commonly known as the Zebrafish, is a small, freshwater cyprinid fish native to South Asia. It is widely recognized for its distinctive horizontal stripes, resembling those of a zebra, which run along its body. This species is a popular aquarium fish and, more significantly, a crucial model organism in scientific research, particularly in developmental biology, genetics, and neuroscience, due to its transparent embryos, rapid development, and genetic tractability. Adults typically reach a length of 3-4 cm.
Fiziskās īpašības
- Ķermeņa forma
- torpedo
- Krāsojums
- Silvery-gold body with 5-7 prominent, iridescent blue-black horizontal stripes extending from the gill cover to the caudal fin. Fins are typically clear or slightly yellowish, sometimes with faint striping.
- Zvīņu tips
- cycloid
- Mutes novietojums
- superior
- Raksturīgās pazīmes
- Five to seven distinct, iridescent blue-black horizontal stripes along the body., Small, slender, torpedo-shaped body., Two pairs of barbels (one rostral, one maxillary), though the rostral pair can be very small or absent in some individuals.
- Muguras spura
- Single, short-based dorsal fin located mid-body, typically with 7-8 branched rays.
- Astes spura
- Forked caudal fin (homocercal).
- Krūšu spura
- Paired pectoral fins, relatively small.
- Raksturīgās spuras
- Anal fin is elongated, extending from behind the dorsal fin to the caudal peduncle, with 12-14 branched rays. Pelvic fins are small and abdominal.
Identifikācijas padomi
Stripes
The most defining feature is the 5-7 iridescent blue-black horizontal stripes running the length of the body, contrasting with a silvery-gold background.
Body Shape and Size
Small, slender, torpedo-shaped body, typically reaching 3-4 cm in length.
Barbels
Presence of two pairs of small barbels, though the rostral pair can be vestigial or absent.
Fin Shape
Forked caudal fin and an elongated anal fin are characteristic.
Dzīvotne
- Ūdens tips
- freshwater
- Dziļums
- Typically found in shallow, slow-moving to stagnant waters, often less than 1 meter deep.
- Vide
- Inhabits a variety of freshwater environments including streams, canals, ditches, rice paddies, and ponds. Prefers clear to turbid water with sandy or silty substrates and often dense vegetation. They are rheophilic, meaning they prefer flowing water, but can adapt to still waters.
- Ģeogrāfiskais areāls
- Native to South Asia, primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. Introduced populations exist in various parts of the world due to escape from aquaculture or research facilities.
Informācija par akvāriju
- Kopšanas līmenis: beginner
- Temperaments: peaceful
- Barība: omnivore
- Minimālais akvārija izmērs: 10 gallons (38 liters)
- Temperatūra: 18-25°C (64-77°F)
- pH līmenis: 6.5-7.5
- Cietība: 5-12 dGH
- Savietojamība: Excellent community fish, compatible with other peaceful, similarly sized fish. Best kept in schools of 6 or more.
- Īpašas prasības: Requires a well-filtered tank with some open swimming space and areas of dense vegetation for cover and spawning. They are active swimmers and appreciate a moderate current. Keep in schools to reduce stress and encourage natural behavior.
Informācija par savvaļas populāciju
- Aizsardzības statuss: least concern
- Sezonalitāte: Breeds year-round in captivity under suitable conditions; in the wild, breeding is often associated with monsoon seasons and increased water levels.
- Tirgus cena: Low (for pet trade), High (for research)
- Komerciālā nozīme: high
- Garša: Not typically consumed due to small size.
- Tekstūra: Not typically consumed due to small size.
- Uzturvērtība: Not typically consumed due to small size.
Galvenie fakti
Model Organisminteresting
Danio rerio is one of the most widely used vertebrate model organisms in biomedical research, particularly for studying development, genetics, and disease, due to its transparent embryos, rapid external development, and genetic similarity to humans.
Regenerative Abilitiesamazing
Zebrafish possess remarkable regenerative capabilities, able to regrow fins, heart tissue, spinal cord, and even parts of their brain, making them a key subject in regenerative medicine research.
Genetic Modificationinteresting
The 'GloFish' is a genetically modified variant of Danio rerio that expresses fluorescent proteins, making it glow under UV light. It was the first genetically modified animal to be sold as a pet.
Social Behaviorbehavior
Zebrafish are highly social schooling fish. Keeping them in groups of six or more is crucial for their well-being, as solitary individuals can become stressed and withdrawn.
Rapid Developmentrecord
Zebrafish embryos develop incredibly quickly, hatching within 2-3 days and reaching sexual maturity in about 3 months, which is a significant advantage for developmental studies.
Drošības informācija
Drošs- Drošības līmenis: safe
- Indīgs: Nē
- Ēdamība: not recommended
- Rīkošanās piezīmes: Zebrafish are harmless. When handling for research or aquarium maintenance, care should be taken to avoid physical injury to the fish due to their small size and delicate nature. No specific safety precautions are needed for humans.
Līdzīgas sugas
Leopard Danio
Danio kyathit
The Leopard Danio (often sold as a spotted variant of D. rerio, but now recognized as a distinct species, D. kyathit) has a spotted pattern rather than distinct horizontal stripes. Some captive-bred 'longfin' or 'leopard' zebrafish are actually D. rerio with genetic mutations or selective breeding for these traits, but wild D. kyathit are naturally spotted.
Giant Danio
Devario aequipinnatus
The Giant Danio is significantly larger (up to 10-15 cm) and has fewer, broader, and often less distinct horizontal stripes, sometimes with a more greenish-gold hue. Its body is also more robust.
Pearl Danio
Danio albolineatus
The Pearl Danio has a more iridescent, pearly sheen and typically a single, broad, reddish-orange stripe or band along its flank, rather than multiple distinct blue-black stripes.
Zinātniskā klasifikācija
- Valsts
- Animalia
- Tips
- Chordata
- Klase
- Actinopterygii
- Kārta
- Cypriniformes
- Dzimta
- Danionidae
- Ģints
- Danio
- Suga
- Danio rerio
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