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Seriola dumerili, commonly known as the Greater Amberjack or Šarun, is a large, predatory marine fish belonging to the family Carangidae. It is highly prized in both commercial and recreational fisheries due to its size, fighting ability, and culinary value. This species is characterized by its robust, elongated body and powerful swimming capabilities, making it an apex predator in its marine habitats. Juveniles often exhibit distinct color patterns that fade with maturity.
Fizinės ypatybės
- Kūno forma
- torpedo
- Spalva
- Adults are typically dark blue-grey or olive-brown dorsally, fading to silvery-white on the flanks and belly. A distinctive amber or yellowish stripe often runs horizontally along the lateral line, from the snout through the eye to the base of the caudal fin. Juveniles have five to seven dark vertical bars on their sides and a prominent dark band running from the snout through the eye to the dorsal fin.
- Žvynų tipas
- cycloid
- Burnos padėtis
- terminal
- Skiriamieji požymiai
- Robust, elongated, and slightly compressed body., A dark amber or yellowish stripe along the lateral line (adults)., A dark diagonal band from the snout through the eye to the first dorsal fin (juveniles and sub-adults, often fading with age)., Large, forked caudal fin., Absence of scutes along the lateral line, unlike some other carangids.
- Nugaros pelekas
- Two dorsal fins; the first is short with 7-8 spines, the second is much longer with 1 spine and 29-35 soft rays. The anterior rays of the second dorsal fin are elevated.
- Uodegos pelekas
- Deeply forked and powerful caudal fin, characteristic of fast-swimming pelagic predators.
- Krūtinės pelekas
- Relatively short pectoral fins.
- Skiriamieji pelekai
- Anal fin similar in shape and size to the second dorsal fin, with 2 detached spines followed by 1 spine and 18-22 soft rays. Pelvic fins are well-developed.
Atpažinimo patarimai
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for the torpedo-shaped body, dark dorsal coloration, and silvery belly. The amber stripe on adults and vertical bars on juveniles are key.
Head Stripe
The dark diagonal band from the snout through the eye to the first dorsal fin is a crucial identifier for juveniles and sub-adults, distinguishing it from other Seriola species.
Lateral Line
Unlike some other jacks, Seriola dumerili lacks prominent scutes (bony plates) along its lateral line, which is a smooth curve.
Fin Count
Counting the soft rays in the second dorsal fin (29-35) and anal fin (18-22) can help confirm identification, especially when distinguishing from similar species.
Buveinė
- Vandens tipas
- saltwater
- Gylis
- Typically found from near-surface waters down to 360 meters (1,180 feet), but most commonly in 20-70 meters (65-230 feet).
- Aplinka
- Pelagic and demersal, inhabiting rocky reefs, wrecks, artificial structures, and offshore banks. Juveniles are often found in shallower coastal waters, sometimes associated with floating debris or sargassum mats.
- Geografinis paplitimas
- Widespread in tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean (including the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico), Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean. Absent from the eastern Pacific and central Atlantic.
Informacija akvariumui
- Priežiūros sudėtingumas: expert
- Temperamentas: aggressive
- Mityba: carnivore
- Minimalus akvariumo dydis: Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to immense size and activity. Requires public aquarium scale tanks (tens of thousands of gallons).
- Temperatūra: 18-24°C (64-75°F)
- pH lygis: 8.1-8.4
- Kietumas: 1.020-1.025 SG
- Suderinamumas: Only compatible with very large, robust fish of similar size and temperament in extremely large public aquarium settings. Not suitable for mixed reef or community tanks.
- Specialūs reikalavimai: Requires vast swimming space, high water quality, strong filtration, and a diet of large, meaty foods. Stress and aggression are common in confined spaces.
Informacija apie laukinę populiaciją
- Apsaugos statusas: least concern
- Sezoniškumas: Spawning typically occurs in spring and summer (April-June in the Mediterranean, February-May in the Gulf of Mexico). Migratory patterns influence availability, with peak catches often in warmer months.
- Rinkos kaina: High, varies significantly by region and season, often fetching premium prices for fresh whole fish or fillets.
- Komercinė reikšmė: high
- Skonis: Mild to medium, rich, slightly oily flavor.
- Tekstūra: Firm, flaky, white flesh.
- Gaminimo būdai: Grilling, Baking, Pan-searing, Smoking, Sashimi/Sushi (especially juveniles or smaller adults)
- Maistinė vertė: Excellent source of lean protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals.
Pagrindiniai faktai
Size Recordrecord
The Greater Amberjack can grow to impressive sizes, with recorded lengths up to 190 cm (75 inches) and weights exceeding 80 kg (176 lbs), though individuals over 50 kg are rare.
Apex Predatorbehavior
As an active and opportunistic predator, Seriola dumerili plays a crucial role in its ecosystem, feeding on a variety of smaller fish, squid, and crustaceans, helping to maintain the balance of marine food webs.
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
While large adults are often solitary or found in small groups, juveniles and sub-adults frequently form larger schools, especially around structure, for protection and more efficient hunting.
Angler's Delightinteresting
Due to its strength and aggressive fighting style, the Greater Amberjack is a highly sought-after game fish, providing a significant challenge for recreational anglers.
Habitat Versatilityamazing
This species demonstrates remarkable adaptability, inhabiting a wide range of marine environments from shallow coastal reefs to deep offshore wrecks and open pelagic waters.
Saugos informacija
Elkitės atsargiai- Saugumo lygis: caution
- Nuodinga: Ne
- Tinkamumas maistui: edible
- Elgesio su žuvimi pastabos: Greater Amberjack are powerful fish with sharp fins and a strong tail. Handle with care to avoid cuts from fin spines or being struck by the tail. Use gloves and a fish gripper if possible. They are known to carry parasites (e.g., copepods), which are generally harmless to humans if the fish is properly cooked. Ciguatera poisoning is a rare but potential risk in some tropical regions, particularly with very large individuals, though it is less common than with some other reef predators.
Panašūs rūšys
Lesser Amberjack
Seriola fasciata
Smaller adult size (typically under 1 meter), more compressed body, and a more pronounced dark band through the eye that extends further back. Juveniles have more distinct and persistent vertical bars.
Almaco Jack
Seriola rivoliana
Has a much deeper body profile, especially anteriorly, and a more steeply sloped head. The second dorsal and anal fins are noticeably taller and more falcate (sickle-shaped) than in S. dumerili. The dark band through the eye is less prominent or absent in adults.
Yellowtail Amberjack
Seriola lalandi
Primarily found in the Pacific and Southern Atlantic. While similar in appearance, S. lalandi typically has a more distinct yellow caudal fin and a less pronounced dark diagonal band through the eye in juveniles. Fin ray counts can also differ.
Mokslinė klasifikacija
- Karalystė
- Animalia
- Tipas
- Chordata
- Klasė
- Actinopterygii
- Būrys
- Carangiformes
- Šeima
- Carangidae
- Gentis
- Seriola
- Rūšis
- dumerili
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