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Umbrina cirrosa, commonly known as the Shi drum, is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, which includes drums and croakers. It is characterized by its elongated, moderately compressed body and a distinctive single, short, and thick barbel on its chin. This species is highly valued in commercial and recreational fisheries due to its palatable flesh. It is a demersal fish, typically found over sandy or muddy bottoms, often near rocky areas or seagrass beds.
Caratteristiche fisiche
- Forma del corpo
- elongated
- Colorazione
- Silvery-grey to brownish-grey on the back, fading to silvery-white on the belly. Often exhibits faint, oblique dark stripes or bands along the flanks, which may be more prominent in younger individuals. Fins are typically dusky.
- Tipo di squame
- ctenoid
- Posizione della bocca
- terminal
- Caratteristiche distintive
- Single, short, and thick barbel on the chin, which is a key diagnostic feature for the genus Umbrina., A prominent, slightly humped back., Large, terminal mouth., Strongly ctenoid scales covering the body and head.
- Pinna dorsale
- Two dorsal fins; the first is short and spiny (9-10 spines), the second is long and soft-rayed (1 spine, 24-28 soft rays). The two fins are separated by a distinct notch.
- Pinna caudale
- Caudal fin is emarginate to slightly lunate.
- Pinna pettorale
- Pectoral fins are relatively long and pointed.
- Pinne distintive
- Anal fin has 2 spines and 7-8 soft rays. Pelvic fins are thoracic.
Consigli per l'identificazione
Chin Barbel
The presence of a single, short, and thick barbel on the chin is the most reliable distinguishing feature for Umbrina cirrosa among similar species in its range.
Dorsal Fins
Two distinct dorsal fins, with the first spiny and the second long and soft-rayed, separated by a clear notch.
Body Shape and Coloration
Elongated, moderately compressed body with silvery-grey to brownish-grey coloration, often with faint oblique stripes on the flanks.
Habitat
- Tipo di acqua
- saltwater
- Profondità
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters, from a few meters down to about 100 meters (330 feet), though occasionally deeper.
- Ambiente
- Prefers sandy or muddy bottoms, often in proximity to rocky reefs, seagrass beds (e.g., Posidonia oceanica), or estuaries. It can also be found in surf zones and near river mouths, tolerating some brackish conditions.
- Areale geografico
- Eastern Atlantic Ocean, from the Bay of Biscay south to Senegal, including the Canary Islands. Also widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
Informazioni sull'acquario
- Livello di cura: expert
- Temperamento: semi-aggressive
- Dieta: carnivore
- Dimensione minima della vasca: 500 gallons
- Temperatura: 18-24°C (64-75°F)
- Livello di pH: 8.1-8.4
- Durezza: 8-12 dKH
- Compatibilità: Best kept in a species-specific tank or with other large, robust fish that can tolerate its semi-aggressive nature. Avoid small or timid tank mates.
- Requisiti speciali: Requires a very large tank with ample swimming space and a soft substrate for foraging. Excellent filtration and stable water parameters are crucial. Can be sensitive to poor water quality. Not typically recommended for home aquaria due to its size and specific needs.
Informazioni in natura
- Stato di conservazione: least concern
- Stagionalità: More commonly caught during warmer months, typically late spring through autumn, when they are more active and closer to shore for spawning.
- Prezzo di mercato: High, especially in Mediterranean markets
- Importanza commerciale: high
- Sapore: Mild, delicate, and slightly sweet
- Consistenza: Firm, flaky, and white
- Metodi di cottura: Baked, Grilled, Pan-fried, Steamed, Roasted
- Valore nutrizionale: Good source of lean protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and essential vitamins and minerals.
Fatti chiave
Sound Productionbehavior
Like many members of the Sciaenidae family, Umbrina cirrosa can produce drumming or croaking sounds using specialized muscles that vibrate against its swim bladder. These sounds are primarily used during spawning and territorial displays.
Foraging Behaviorbehavior
The chin barbel of the Shi drum is equipped with chemosensory receptors, allowing the fish to 'taste' and 'feel' for invertebrates buried in the sand or mud, such as worms, crustaceans, and mollusks.
Longevityinteresting
Umbrina cirrosa can live for over 10 years, with some individuals reaching up to 15 years in optimal conditions.
Size Potentialrecord
While commonly caught at lengths of 30-50 cm, the Shi drum can grow to an impressive maximum length of about 70-100 cm (2.3-3.3 feet) and weigh up to 12 kg (26 lbs), making it a significant catch for anglers.
Informazioni di sicurezza
Sicuro- Livello di sicurezza: safe
- Velenoso: No
- Commestibilità: edible
- Note sul maneggio: No specific handling precautions beyond standard fish handling practices. Care should be taken with the dorsal fin spines, which can cause minor punctures if not handled carefully, but they are not venomous.
Specie simili
Brown meagre
Sciaena umbra
Lacks the distinctive chin barbel of Umbrina cirrosa. Generally darker in coloration, often with a bronze or coppery sheen, and a more rounded head profile.
Meagre
Argyrosomus regius
Significantly larger, lacks a chin barbel, and has a more elongated, torpedo-shaped body. Its coloration is typically silvery-grey without prominent stripes.
Other Umbrina species
Various Umbrina spp.
While other Umbrina species also possess a chin barbel, U. cirrosa can be distinguished by specific counts of fin rays, scale patterns, and subtle differences in body proportions and coloration. For example, Umbrina canariensis has a more pronounced hump and typically more distinct oblique bands.
Classificazione scientifica
- Regno
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordine
- Acanthuriformes
- Famiglia
- Sciaenidae
- Genere
- Umbrina
- Specie
- Umbrina cirrosa
Esplora Shi drum
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