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Stromateus maculatus, commonly known as Pampanito, is a species of butterfish belonging to the family Stromateidae. It is characterized by its deep, compressed body and distinctive spotted coloration. This pelagic fish is commercially important in its native range.
Caratteristiche fisiche
- Forma del corpo
- compressed
- Colorazione
- Dorsal surface is typically silvery-blue to greenish-blue, fading to silvery-white on the flanks and belly. Characterized by numerous small, irregular dark spots scattered across the upper body and fins. Fins can be dusky or yellowish.
- Tipo di squame
- cycloid
- Posizione della bocca
- terminal
- Caratteristiche distintive
- Deeply compressed, oval-shaped body, Small, cycloid scales that are easily shed, Absence of pelvic fins in adults, Long dorsal and anal fins that are nearly symmetrical and extend almost to the caudal fin, Numerous small, dark spots on the body
- Pinna dorsale
- Single, long dorsal fin with V-VII spines and 40-50 soft rays, originating above the pectoral fin base. Anterior rays are elevated.
- Pinna caudale
- Deeply forked caudal fin with stiff lobes.
- Pinna pettorale
- Long and falcate (sickle-shaped), positioned low on the body.
- Pinne distintive
- Pelvic fins are absent in adult specimens. Anal fin is long, with III-V spines and 35-45 soft rays, mirroring the dorsal fin in shape and length.
Consigli per l'identificazione
Body Shape
Look for a very deep, laterally compressed, oval-shaped body.
Coloration and Spots
Identify by the silvery-blue to greenish-blue back with numerous small, irregular dark spots scattered over the upper body and fins.
Fin Structure
Note the absence of pelvic fins in adults and the long, symmetrical dorsal and anal fins that extend far back on the body. The caudal fin is deeply forked.
Pectoral Fins
Observe the long, sickle-shaped pectoral fins.
Habitat
- Tipo di acqua
- saltwater
- Profondità
- Typically found in coastal waters and continental shelves, ranging from surface waters down to approximately 200 meters (650 feet).
- Ambiente
- Pelagic-neritic, often forming schools in open water, but also found near the seabed. Prefers temperate to subtropical waters.
- Areale geografico
- Eastern Pacific Ocean, from Peru north to California, and occasionally further north. Also found in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South America.
Informazioni sull'acquario
- Livello di cura: expert
- Temperamento: semi-aggressive
- Dieta: carnivore
- Dimensione minima della vasca: 500 gallons
- Temperatura: 18-24°C (64-75°F)
- Livello di pH: 8.1-8.4
- Durezza: 8-12 dKH
- Compatibilità: Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to size, schooling behavior, and specialized dietary needs. May be kept in very large public aquariums with appropriate tank mates.
- Requisiti speciali: Requires very large, open swimming spaces, strong filtration, and a constant supply of live or frozen planktonic invertebrates. Highly sensitive to water quality fluctuations and stress.
Informazioni in natura
- Stato di conservazione: least concern
- Stagionalità: Peak fishing seasons vary by region, generally abundant during warmer months when they aggregate for spawning or feeding.
- Prezzo di mercato: Varies significantly by region and season, generally moderate to high.
- Importanza commerciale: high
- Sapore: Mild, delicate, and slightly sweet flavor.
- Consistenza: Flaky, tender, and moist with a high fat content.
- Metodi di cottura: grilled, baked, fried, steamed, sashimi
- Valore nutrizionale: Rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and essential vitamins and minerals.
Fatti chiave
Pelvic Fin Absencebehavior
Adult Stromateus maculatus, like other members of the family Stromateidae, lack pelvic fins, a distinctive feature among many fish.
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
Pampanito often forms large schools, particularly during feeding and spawning aggregations, which makes them a target for commercial fisheries.
Dietary Shiftbehavior
Juvenile Pampanito often associate with jellyfish, using them for protection and potentially feeding on their gonads or associated organisms. Adults primarily feed on zooplankton and small invertebrates.
Commercial Importanceinteresting
This species is a significant commercial fish in its range, particularly along the coasts of Peru and Chile, valued for its taste and texture.
Informazioni di sicurezza
Sicuro- Livello di sicurezza: safe
- Velenoso: No
- Commestibilità: edible
- Note sul maneggio: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling practices. Its scales are easily shed, so handle gently if appearance is important.
Specie simili
Pacific Pompano
Peprilus simillimus
Pacific Pompano typically lacks the distinct dark spots of Stromateus maculatus and generally has a more uniformly silvery body. Its body is also compressed but often less deep, and its fins may differ slightly in shape and ray count.
Silver Pomfret
Pampus argenteus
Silver Pomfret (an Indo-Pacific species) has a similar compressed body but is generally more uniformly silvery without prominent spots. Its fins, particularly the caudal fin, can be more rounded or less deeply forked than S. maculatus.
Other Butterfish species (e.g., Peprilus spp.)
Various Peprilus species
Many Peprilus species are found in the Atlantic and Pacific. While sharing the compressed body form, they often differ in fin morphology (e.g., shorter dorsal/anal fins, presence of pelvic fins in juveniles of some species), coloration patterns (lack of distinct spots), and geographic distribution.
Classificazione scientifica
- Regno
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordine
- Scombriformes
- Famiglia
- Stromateidae
- Genere
- Stromateus
- Specie
- Stromateus maculatus
Esplora Pampanito
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