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Apri l'appDescrizione
Scophthalmus maximus, commonly known as Turbot, is a large species of flatfish belonging to the family Scophthalmidae. It is highly prized as a food fish due to its excellent flesh quality. This species exhibits a distinctive flattened, rhomboidal body shape, adapted for a benthic lifestyle. Its coloration and dermal ossifications provide effective camouflage on the seabed.
Caratteristiche fisiche
- Forma del corpo
- flat
- Colorazione
- Dorsal side varies from sandy brown to dark olive-green, often mottled with darker spots and blotches, providing excellent camouflage. Ventral side is typically white. Coloration can change to match the substrate.
- Tipo di squame
- none
- Posizione della bocca
- superior
- Caratteristiche distintive
- Rhomboidal (diamond-shaped) body, almost as broad as it is long., Eyes are typically on the left side of the head (sinistral)., Skin is scaleless but covered with numerous bony tubercles (ossifications) giving it a rough, 'chiodato' (nailed) appearance., Large, wide mouth with small, sharp teeth.
- Pinna dorsale
- Long, originating just behind the eye, extending almost to the caudal fin. Contains 57-92 soft rays.
- Pinna caudale
- Rounded or slightly truncate caudal fin, distinct from dorsal and anal fins.
- Pinna pettorale
- Well-developed, rounded pectoral fins.
- Pinne distintive
- Anal fin is also long, mirroring the dorsal fin, with 42-67 soft rays. Pelvic fins are small and located anteriorly.
Consigli per l'identificazione
Body Shape
Look for the distinctively broad, almost circular or rhomboidal body, which is much wider than most other flatfish.
Skin Texture
Feel for the rough, scaleless skin covered in bony tubercles (ossifications), which are a key distinguishing feature from other smooth-skinned flatfish.
Eye Placement
Observe that both eyes are typically on the left side of the head (sinistral), a characteristic of the Scophthalmidae family.
Mouth
Note the large, wide mouth with a prominent lower jaw, indicating its predatory feeding habits.
Habitat
- Tipo di acqua
- saltwater
- Profondità
- Typically found at depths ranging from 5 to 100 meters (16 to 328 feet), though occasionally deeper.
- Ambiente
- Benthic, inhabiting sandy, muddy, or gravelly seabeds in coastal waters and estuaries. Prefers relatively shallow, temperate waters.
- Areale geografico
- Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, from Norway and the Baltic Sea south to the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Also found along the coasts of Iceland and the British Isles.
Informazioni sull'acquario
- Livello di cura: expert
- Temperamento: semi-aggressive
- Dieta: carnivore
- Dimensione minima della vasca: Not suitable for typical home aquaria due to size and specialized needs; requires very large, specialized public aquarium setups.
- Temperatura: 10-18°C (50-64°F)
- Livello di pH: 7.8-8.4
- Durezza: High (marine salinity)
- Compatibilità: Not compatible with most species due to predatory nature and specific environmental requirements. Best kept in species-specific exhibits or with very large, robust benthic species.
- Requisiti speciali: Requires a very large footprint tank with a soft substrate for burrowing, excellent filtration, and stable cold-water marine conditions. Not recommended for private aquarists.
Informazioni in natura
- Stato di conservazione: least concern
- Stagionalità: Available year-round, with peak fishing seasons varying regionally, often in spring and autumn.
- Prezzo di mercato: High, often considered a luxury fish.
- Importanza commerciale: high
- Sapore: Mild, delicate, and refined flavor.
- Consistenza: Firm, white, flaky, and succulent flesh.
- Metodi di cottura: Baked, Grilled, Pan-fried, Poached, Steamed, Roasted
- Valore nutrizionale: Excellent source of lean protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals (e.g., B vitamins, phosphorus, selenium).
Fatti chiave
Master of Camouflagebehavior
Turbot can rapidly change its skin coloration to perfectly match the surrounding seabed, making it incredibly difficult to spot by predators and prey alike.
Left-Eyed Flatfishinteresting
Unlike many other flatfish families, Turbot (and all Scophthalmidae) are 'left-eyed' or sinistral, meaning both eyes migrate to the left side of the head during larval development.
Bony Skininteresting
The 'chiodato' (nailed) part of its Italian name refers to the distinctive bony tubercles embedded in its scaleless skin, a unique feature among flatfish.
Top Predatorbehavior
Despite its flattened appearance, the Turbot is an active and voracious ambush predator, feeding on other bottom-dwelling fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.
Aquaculture Successinteresting
Turbot is one of the most successfully farmed marine fish species in Europe, contributing significantly to its market availability and reducing pressure on wild stocks.
Informazioni di sicurezza
Sicuro- Livello di sicurezza: safe
- Velenoso: No
- Commestibilità: edible
- Note sul maneggio: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling practices. Its rough skin can be abrasive, so care should be taken to avoid scrapes. No venomous spines.
Specie simili
Brill
Scophthalmus rhombus
Brill has a smoother skin texture with fewer, smaller bony tubercles, and its body is typically more oval and less broad than the Turbot. The dorsal fin origin is further back from the eye in Brill.
Plaice
Pleuronectes platessa
Plaice has a smooth skin with distinct orange or red spots and its eyes are on the right side of the head (dextral). Its body shape is more oval and less broad than Turbot.
Flounder
Platichthys flesus
Flounder also has eyes on the right side (dextral) and a rougher skin than plaice, but lacks the prominent bony tubercles of the Turbot. Its body is generally less broad and more elongated.
Classificazione scientifica
- Regno
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Classe
- Actinopterygii
- Ordine
- Pleuronectiformes
- Famiglia
- Scophthalmidae
- Genere
- Scophthalmus
- Specie
- maximus
Esplora Turbot
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