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Dasyatis pastinaca, commonly known as the Common Stingray, is a cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Dasyatidae. It is characterized by its flattened, disc-shaped body and a long, whip-like tail armed with one or more venomous serrated spines. This species is a benthic predator, typically found in coastal waters across its range, often partially buried in sand or mud.
Caratteristiche fisiche
- Forma del corpo
- flat
- Colorazione
- Dorsal surface typically grey, olive-brown, or reddish-brown, often uniform but can have faint spots or mottling. Ventral surface is white or off-white, sometimes with darker margins.
- Tipo di squame
- placoid
- Posizione della bocca
- inferior
- Caratteristiche distintive
- Broad, flattened, rhomboidal disc, wider than long., Long, whip-like tail, typically 1.5 to 2 times the disc length., One or more venomous serrated spines located on the dorsal surface of the tail, usually about one-third of the way down from the base., Small eyes followed by larger spiracles., Mouth, nostrils, and gill slits are located on the ventral surface.
- Pinna dorsale
- Absent, or represented by a small, rudimentary fold anterior to the spine.
- Pinna caudale
- Long, slender, whip-like, with a venomous spine. Lacks true caudal fin, but may have dorsal and ventral fin folds posterior to the spine.
- Pinna pettorale
- Large, forming the main 'wings' of the disc, continuous with the head.
- Pinne distintive
- Pelvic fins are small and located at the posterior margin of the disc.
Consigli per l'identificazione
Disc Shape
Look for a broad, rhomboidal disc that is slightly wider than it is long, with rounded corners.
Tail
Observe the long, whip-like tail, which is significantly longer than the disc and bears one or more prominent, serrated spines.
Coloration
Note the generally uniform grey to brown dorsal coloration and white ventral surface.
Spiracles
The presence of large spiracles immediately behind the eyes is characteristic.
Habitat
- Tipo di acqua
- saltwater
- Profondità
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters from 1 to 60 meters, but can occur down to 200 meters.
- Ambiente
- Prefers sandy or muddy bottoms, seagrass beds, and estuaries. Often found near rocky reefs or wrecks. Benthic.
- Areale geografico
- Eastern Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and coastal waters from Norway south to Mauritania, including the Canary Islands.
Informazioni sull'acquario
- Livello di cura: expert
- Temperamento: semi-aggressive
- Dieta: carnivore
- Dimensione minima della vasca: Not suitable for typical home aquaria due to size and specialized needs; requires very large, custom-built public aquarium exhibits.
- Temperatura: 18-24°C (64-75°F)
- Livello di pH: 8.1-8.4
- Durezza: High (marine salinity)
- Compatibilità: Only compatible with very large, robust marine species that can tolerate its presence and are not prey items. Not suitable for mixed reef tanks.
- Requisiti speciali: Requires extremely large, open sand-bottomed tanks with excellent filtration and stable water parameters. Specialized feeding protocols and careful handling due to venomous spine are essential. Not recommended for private aquarists.
Informazioni in natura
- Stato di conservazione: near threatened
- Stagionalità: Present year-round in suitable habitats, but may exhibit seasonal movements to shallower or deeper waters based on temperature and prey availability. Breeding typically occurs in spring/early summer.
- Prezzo di mercato: Variable, generally low to moderate for meat; high for scientific/aquarium trade (rarely).
- Importanza commerciale: low
- Sapore: Mild, slightly sweet, often compared to scallops or skate.
- Consistenza: Firm, flaky, cartilaginous.
- Metodi di cottura: Fried, baked, grilled, steamed, smoked
- Valore nutrizionale: Good source of protein, low in fat. Contains omega-3 fatty acids.
Fatti chiave
Venomous Defensebehavior
The Common Stingray possesses one or more serrated, venomous spines on its tail, used purely for defense. These spines are regularly shed and replaced.
Ambush Predatorbehavior
This species is a master of camouflage, often burying itself in sand or mud with only its eyes and spiracles exposed, waiting to ambush unsuspecting prey.
Live Bearersbehavior
Dasyatis pastinaca is ovoviviparous, meaning the embryos develop inside eggs within the mother's body, hatching internally, and then live young are born.
Ancient Lineageevolution
Stingrays belong to a group of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) with a fossil record extending back hundreds of millions of years, making them ancient survivors.
Informazioni di sicurezza
Velenoso- Livello di sicurezza: venomous
- Velenoso: Sì
- Commestibilità: edible
- Note sul maneggio: Extreme caution is required when handling Dasyatis pastinaca due to its venomous tail spine(s). The spine can inflict a deep, painful wound, and the venom can cause severe pain, swelling, muscle cramps, and in rare cases, systemic effects. If stung, immediately immerse the affected limb in hot water (as hot as can be tolerated without scalding) to denature the protein-based venom, and seek medical attention to clean the wound and prevent secondary infection. Never attempt to handle a live stingray without proper training and protective gear. Avoid stepping on them in shallow waters by shuffling feet.
Specie simili
Common Eagle Ray
Myliobatis aquila
Eagle rays have a distinct, diamond-shaped disc with pointed pectoral fins and a more prominent head that protrudes from the disc. Their tail is also whip-like but typically has a small dorsal fin at its base, anterior to the spine, which Dasyatis pastinaca lacks or has only rudimentarily.
Thorny Skate
Raja clavata
Skates (Rajidae) have a more angular, often heart-shaped disc and possess two distinct dorsal fins on their tail, as well as a small caudal fin. They also lack the venomous spine characteristic of stingrays. Their dorsal surface is typically covered in numerous thorns or denticles.
Blue-spotted Stingray
Neotrygon kuhlii
While also a stingray, N. kuhlii is easily distinguished by its vibrant blue spots on a yellowish-brown disc. Its geographic range is also primarily Indo-Pacific, not overlapping significantly with D. pastinaca.
Classificazione scientifica
- Regno
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Classe
- Chondrichthyes
- Ordine
- Myliobatiformes
- Famiglia
- Dasyatidae
- Genere
- Dasyatis
- Specie
- pastinaca
Esplora Common Stingray
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