Punya foto? Identifikasi ikan secara instan dengan aplikasi Fishby.
Buka aplikasiDeskripsi
Poecilia reticulata, commonly known as the guppy, is a small, live-bearing freshwater fish belonging to the family Poeciliidae. Originating from northeastern South America, guppies are renowned for their vibrant coloration, particularly in males, and their prolific breeding habits. They are one of the most popular aquarium fish globally due to their hardiness, adaptability, and ease of care. Guppies exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males being smaller and far more colorful than the larger, drabber females. They are omnivorous and play a significant ecological role in their native habitats as both predators of small invertebrates and prey for larger fish and birds. Their ability to adapt to various water conditions and reproduce rapidly has also led to their introduction and establishment in many non-native environments, sometimes with ecological consequences.
Ciri Fisik
- Bentuk tubuh
- elongated
- Warna
- Males are highly variable and exhibit a vast array of vibrant colors (red, orange, yellow, blue, green, black) and patterns (spots, stripes, mosaics, snakeskin, tuxedo). Females are typically duller, with a grayish or olive body and sometimes a subtle iridescent sheen, often displaying a gravid spot near the anal fin when pregnant.
- Jenis sisik
- cycloid
- Posisi mulut
- superior
- Ciri khas
- Pronounced sexual dimorphism: males are smaller and more colorful with elaborate fins, while females are larger and drabber., Live-bearing reproduction., Gonopodium in males (modified anal fin for internal fertilization).
- Sirip punggung
- Single dorsal fin, typically short in females, but can be elongated and highly decorative in male fancy strains.
- Sirip ekor
- Highly variable in males, ranging from round, spade, lyre, delta, fan, sword, to veil tails. Females typically have a rounded or spade-shaped caudal fin.
- Sirip dada
- Small and transparent, used for maneuvering.
- Sirip khas
- Males possess a gonopodium, a rod-like modification of the anal fin used for sperm transfer. Females have a fan-shaped anal fin.
Tips Identifikasi
Size and Shape
Males are typically 2.5-3.5 cm (1-1.4 inches) in total length, while females are larger, reaching 4-6 cm (1.6-2.4 inches). Males have a more slender body, and females are rounder, especially when gravid.
Coloration and Fins
The most striking identification feature is the male's vibrant, iridescent coloration and elaborate finnage. Females are generally plain gray or olive. The presence of a gonopodium in males is a definitive characteristic.
Behavior
Guppies are active, schooling fish that are often seen near the water surface. Males constantly pursue females for breeding.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- freshwater
- Kedalaman
- Typically found in shallow waters, often near the surface or in areas with dense vegetation.
- Lingkungan
- Slow-moving streams, canals, ditches, ponds, and the vegetated margins of larger rivers. They prefer warm, clear to slightly turbid waters with abundant aquatic plants. Can tolerate a wide range of salinity, from pure freshwater to brackish conditions.
- Sebaran geografis
- Native to Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. Widely introduced globally as an ornamental fish and for mosquito control, establishing feral populations in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
Informasi Akuarium
- Tingkat perawatan: beginner
- Temperamen: peaceful
- Pola makan: omnivore
- Ukuran akuarium minimum: 10 gallons (38 liters) for a small group
- Suhu: 22-28°C (72-82°F)
- Tingkat pH: 6.5-8.0
- Kesadahan: 10-20 dGH
- Kompatibilitas: Excellent with other peaceful, similarly sized community fish such as mollies, platies, swordtails, corydoras, and peaceful tetras. Avoid fin-nippers or aggressive species.
- Kebutuhan khusus: Guppies thrive in well-planted tanks with plenty of hiding spots. They prefer a gentle current and benefit from a varied diet. Due to their prolific breeding, it's advisable to keep a single-sex tank or be prepared for a rapidly growing population. A ratio of 2-3 females per male is recommended to reduce stress on females from constant male attention.
Informasi di Alam Liar
- Status konservasi: least concern
- Musim: Breeds year-round in suitable conditions; no specific seasonal breeding patterns in the wild, though reproduction may slow in cooler temperatures.
- Harga pasar: Low (typically $2-$5 per fish, depending on strain and coloration)
- Nilai ekonomis: high
- Rasa: Not typically consumed by humans due to their small size.
- Tekstur: Not applicable for human consumption.
- Nilai gizi: Not applicable for human consumption.
Fakta kunci
Livebearersbehavior
Guppies are ovoviviparous, meaning they give birth to live, free-swimming fry rather than laying eggs. This reproductive strategy contributes to their high survival rate in the wild and rapid population growth in aquariums.
Prolific Breedersbehavior
A single female guppy can store sperm for multiple pregnancies, allowing her to give birth every 28-30 days for up to 6-8 months after a single mating. Brood sizes can range from 5 to over 100 fry.
Mosquito Controlinteresting
Guppies have been widely introduced in many parts of the world as a biological control agent for mosquito larvae, helping to reduce populations of disease-carrying mosquitoes.
Genetic Diversityevolution
The immense variety of colors and fin shapes in guppies is a result of selective breeding by aquarists over many decades, making them a prime example of artificial selection.
Sexual Selectionbehavior
Male guppies' elaborate coloration and finnage are a result of strong sexual selection, where females prefer males with brighter colors and larger fins, indicating good health and genetic fitness.
Informasi keamanan
Aman- Tingkat keamanan: safe
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kelayakan konsumsi: not recommended
- Catatan penanganan: Guppies are small and delicate. Handle with care using a fine-mesh net to avoid injury to their fins or scales. No specific safety precautions are needed for humans.
Spesies serupa
Endler's Livebearer
Poecilia wingei
Endler's Livebearers are generally smaller than guppies, with more intense, metallic coloration, often concentrated in specific patterns (e.g., black bar, snake pattern). Their caudal fin shapes are typically less varied and often more spade-like or rounded compared to the wide array of fancy guppy tails. They also tend to have a more slender body profile.
Mosquitofish
Gambusia affinis
Mosquitofish are typically duller in coloration, usually gray or olive, lacking the vibrant patterns of guppies. While both are livebearers and have a similar body shape, Mosquitofish females have a more robust, deeper body, and males have a more pointed snout. Their fins are generally plain and short, without the elaborate development seen in male guppies. Mosquitofish are also known to be more aggressive, especially towards other fish.
Molly
Poecilia sphenops (and other Poecilia species)
Mollies are generally larger and more robust than guppies, with a deeper body. While some mollies can be colorful (e.g., black mollies, dalmatian mollies), they typically do not exhibit the same intricate patterns and iridescent hues as fancy guppies. Their dorsal fins are often larger and more sail-like, especially in males, and their caudal fins are usually rounded or lyre-shaped, but not as varied as guppy tails.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Cyprinodontiformes
- Famili
- Poeciliidae
- Genus
- Poecilia
- Spesies
- Poecilia reticulata
Jelajahi Guppy
Identifikasi ikan di mana saja
Gratis di iOS, Android, dan Web. Identifikasi lewat foto, detail spesies lengkap, dan masih banyak lagi.