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Pangasius hypophthalmus, commonly known as the Striped Catfish or Iridescent Shark, is a large, freshwater catfish native to Southeast Asia. It is characterized by its sleek, shark-like appearance, particularly when juvenile, and its silvery-grey coloration. This species is highly valued in aquaculture for its rapid growth rate and adaptability, making it a significant food fish globally. In its natural habitat, it is a migratory species, undertaking extensive movements within river systems.
Ciri Fisik
- Bentuk tubuh
- torpedo
- Warna
- Juveniles are iridescent silver with two dark stripes along the lateral line. Adults lose much of their iridescence, becoming uniformly grey to dark grey dorsally, fading to silvery-white ventrally. Albino and 'bicolor' (black and white) variants are common in aquaculture.
- Jenis sisik
- none
- Posisi mulut
- terminal
- Ciri khas
- Absence of scales (naked skin), Two pairs of barbels (maxillary and mandibular), with maxillary barbels extending to the pectoral fin base in juveniles, shortening with age., Deeply forked caudal fin, resembling a shark's tail., Small eyes relative to head size., Compressed body laterally, especially in larger specimens.
- Sirip punggung
- Single, high dorsal fin with 1-2 spines and 6-7 soft rays. The first ray is often serrated.
- Sirip ekor
- Deeply forked, homocercal caudal fin, giving it a shark-like appearance.
- Sirip dada
- Large, triangular pectoral fins with a strong, serrated spine.
- Sirip khas
- Adipose fin is absent. Anal fin is long with 26-35 soft rays. Pelvic fins are small.
Tips Identifikasi
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for the torpedo-shaped body, silvery-grey coloration (especially in adults), and the distinctive deeply forked tail. Juveniles are more iridescent with prominent dark lateral stripes.
Barbels
Observe the two pairs of barbels around the mouth. The maxillary barbels are longer, particularly in younger individuals.
Fins
Note the absence of an adipose fin, the single dorsal fin with a strong spine, and the long anal fin. The pectoral fins also possess a strong, serrated spine.
Scales
The skin is smooth and scaleless, a key characteristic of Pangasiidae.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- freshwater
- Kedalaman
- Typically found in mid-water to bottom layers of large rivers and floodplains.
- Lingkungan
- Large rivers, floodplains, and associated wetlands. Prefers turbid, slow-moving to moderately flowing waters. Migrates into flooded areas during the wet season for spawning and feeding.
- Sebaran geografis
- Native to the Mekong River basin, Chao Phraya River basin, and other large river systems in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam). Widely introduced globally for aquaculture.
Informasi Akuarium
- Tingkat perawatan: advanced
- Temperamen: semi-aggressive
- Pola makan: omnivore
- Ukuran akuarium minimum: 1000 gallons (for adult specimens)
- Suhu: 22-28°C (72-82°F)
- Tingkat pH: 6.5-7.5
- Kesadahan: 5-20 dGH
- Kompatibilitas: Due to its large adult size and active nature, P. hypophthalmus is best kept in very large, species-specific tanks or with other large, robust fish that can tolerate its boisterous behavior. Avoid keeping with smaller fish that could be seen as prey.
- Kebutuhan khusus: Requires an extremely large aquarium with strong filtration due to its size and waste production. Ample open swimming space is crucial. Substrate should be fine to prevent injury to barbels. Can be prone to stress in inadequate environments, leading to poor health. Juveniles are often sold as 'Iridescent Sharks' but quickly outgrow typical home aquariums.
Informasi di Alam Liar
- Status konservasi: least concern
- Musim: Spawning typically occurs during the rainy season (May-July) in its native range, coinciding with rising water levels and increased food availability. Migratory patterns are also seasonal, linked to water flow and breeding cycles.
- Harga pasar: Varies significantly by region and product form (whole, fillet). Generally affordable.
- Nilai ekonomis: high
- Rasa: Mild, slightly sweet, often described as having a clean flavor.
- Tekstur: Flaky, firm, white flesh.
- Metode memasak: Frying, Grilling, Baking, Steaming, Curries, Soups
- Nilai gizi: Good source of protein, low in fat, contains Omega-3 fatty acids.
Fakta kunci
Rapid Growthbehavior
Pangasius hypophthalmus is renowned for its exceptionally fast growth rate, reaching market size in aquaculture within 6-8 months, making it a highly efficient food fish.
Iridescent Shark Misnomerinteresting
Juvenile P. hypophthalmus are often sold in the aquarium trade as 'Iridescent Sharks' due to their appearance, leading many unsuspecting hobbyists to purchase a fish that will quickly outgrow their tanks, often reaching over 1 meter in length.
Air Breathing Capabilitybehavior
Like many catfish, P. hypophthalmus can breathe atmospheric air using a modified swim bladder, allowing it to survive in low-oxygen environments, which is advantageous in its natural floodplain habitats.
Migratory Speciesbehavior
In its native river systems, P. hypophthalmus undertakes significant seasonal migrations, moving upstream to spawn during the wet season and dispersing into floodplains for feeding, then returning downstream as water levels recede.
Aquaculture Dominanceamazing
P. hypophthalmus is one of the most important aquaculture species globally, particularly in Vietnam, where it is farmed extensively and exported worldwide under various trade names like 'Swai' or 'Cream Dory'.
Informasi keamanan
Tangani dengan hati-hati- Tingkat keamanan: caution
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kelayakan konsumsi: edible
- Catatan penanganan: While not venomous, P. hypophthalmus possesses strong, serrated spines in its dorsal and pectoral fins. These spines can inflict painful punctures and lacerations if not handled carefully. Anglers and aquarists should use thick gloves and appropriate tools (e.g., fish grippers) to avoid injury. Large specimens can also be powerful and thrash, requiring secure handling.
Spesies serupa
Basa Fish
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Historically, P. hypophthalmus was classified under the genus Pangasianodon. While often used interchangeably in trade, 'Basa' (Pangasianodon bocourti) is a distinct species. P. bocourti generally has a broader head, a less pointed snout, and a more rounded body profile compared to the more slender P. hypophthalmus. P. bocourti also typically has shorter barbels and a less deeply forked caudal fin.
Giant Pangasius
Pangasius sanitwongsei
P. sanitwongsei (Chao Phraya Giant Catfish) grows significantly larger, reaching over 3 meters. It has a more robust body, a broader head, and a more pronounced hump behind the head in adults. Its coloration is typically darker, and its fins are often darker or black-tipped. The barbels are also proportionally shorter and thicker.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Siluriformes
- Famili
- Pangasiidae
- Genus
- Pangasius
- Spesies
- hypophthalmus
Jelajahi Striped Catfish
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