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Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the Flathead Grey Mullet, is a euryhaline and catadromous fish species found in coastal tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. It is characterized by its robust, cylindrical body, flattened head, and distinctive adipose eyelid. This species is highly adaptable, inhabiting a wide range of environments from marine to freshwater, and is of significant commercial importance globally.
Ciri Fisik
- Bentuk tubuh
- torpedo
- Warna
- Dorsal side is typically olive-green to bluish-grey, fading to silvery sides and a white belly. Often has 6-7 faint longitudinal stripes along the sides.
- Jenis sisik
- cycloid
- Posisi mulut
- terminal
- Ciri khas
- Flattened head with a broad snout, Small, terminal mouth with thick lips, Prominent adipose eyelid covering most of the eye, Two widely separated dorsal fins, Large, cycloid scales
- Sirip punggung
- Two distinct dorsal fins; the first with 4 strong spines, the second with 8-9 soft rays. Widely separated.
- Sirip ekor
- Moderately forked caudal fin.
- Sirip dada
- Short, located high on the body.
- Sirip khas
- Pelvic fins are abdominal, located well behind the pectoral fins.
Tips Identifikasi
Head Shape
Look for the distinctly flattened head and broad snout, which gives it a 'flathead' appearance.
Adipose Eyelid
Observe the prominent, fatty eyelid that covers a significant portion of the eye, leaving only a vertical slit for vision. This is a key distinguishing feature.
Dorsal Fins
Note the two widely separated dorsal fins. The first is spiny, and the second is soft-rayed.
Coloration and Stripes
The olive-green to bluish-grey back, silvery sides, and often faint longitudinal stripes are characteristic.
Mouth
The small, terminal mouth with thick lips is adapted for bottom feeding and grazing.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- brackish
- Kedalaman
- Typically found in shallow coastal waters, estuaries, lagoons, and even freshwater rivers, usually from surface to 120 meters (390 feet).
- Lingkungan
- Highly adaptable, inhabiting marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Prefers sandy or muddy bottoms where it can forage for detritus and algae. Often found in areas with seagrass beds or mangroves.
- Sebaran geografis
- Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters, including the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Informasi Akuarium
- Tingkat perawatan: advanced
- Temperamen: peaceful
- Pola makan: filter_feeder
- Ukuran akuarium minimum: 500 gallons
- Suhu: 18-28°C (64-82°F)
- Tingkat pH: 7.0-8.5
- Kesadahan: 10-25 dGH
- Kompatibilitas: Generally peaceful with other large, non-aggressive fish. Best kept in species-specific tanks or very large community tanks with similar sized, robust species.
- Kebutuhan khusus: Requires very large tanks with excellent filtration due to their size and feeding habits. A sand or fine gravel substrate is essential for their foraging behavior. They are sensitive to poor water quality and require stable parameters. Not typically kept in home aquaria due to size and specialized needs.
Informasi di Alam Liar
- Status konservasi: least concern
- Musim: Spawning typically occurs offshore in autumn and winter, with peak catches often during these periods as they aggregate. Availability can vary regionally throughout the year.
- Harga pasar: Varies significantly by region and season, often moderate to high due to demand for roe (bottarga).
- Nilai ekonomis: high
- Rasa: Mild, slightly oily, with a distinct flavor that can be earthy depending on diet and habitat.
- Tekstur: Firm, flaky white flesh.
- Metode memasak: Baked, Grilled, Fried, Smoked, Steamed, Used for roe (bottarga)
- Nilai gizi: Good source of protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals.
Fakta kunci
Global Distributionamazing
Mugil cephalus is one of the most widely distributed fish species in the world, found in tropical and subtropical waters across all major oceans.
Euryhaline Adaptabilitybehavior
This species is remarkably euryhaline, meaning it can tolerate a wide range of salinities, from full marine to freshwater, allowing it to inhabit diverse coastal and estuarine environments.
Detritivore Dietbehavior
Mugil cephalus primarily feeds on detritus, algae, and small invertebrates found in the substrate, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling in its ecosystems.
Valuable Roeinteresting
The roe of Mugil cephalus is highly prized in many cultures, particularly in the Mediterranean and Asia, where it is processed into a delicacy known as bottarga or karasumi.
Leaping Behaviorbehavior
Mullet are known for their characteristic leaping behavior, often jumping clear out of the water, a behavior thought to be related to avoiding predators or clearing their gills.
Informasi keamanan
Aman- Tingkat keamanan: safe
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kelayakan konsumsi: edible
- Catatan penanganan: Generally safe to handle. No venomous spines or dangerous features. Standard care should be taken to avoid fin pricks, as with any fish.
Spesies serupa
Thinlip Mullet
Liza ramada
Has thinner lips and lacks the prominent adipose eyelid of Mugil cephalus. The pectoral fin is also longer, reaching the eye when folded forward.
Thicklip Grey Mullet
Chelon labrosus
Possesses very thick, fleshy lips, especially the upper lip, which is often covered with papillae. The adipose eyelid is less developed than in Mugil cephalus.
Golden Grey Mullet
Liza aurata
Distinguished by a prominent golden spot on the operculum (gill cover) and often a less robust body shape. The adipose eyelid is also less developed.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Mugiliformes
- Famili
- Mugilidae
- Genus
- Mugil
- Spesies
- Mugil cephalus
Jelajahi Flathead Grey Mullet
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