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Euthynnus affinis, commonly known as the Kawakawa or Mackerel Tuna, is a species of ray-finned bony fish in the family Scombridae, which includes tunas, mackerels, and bonitos. It is a fast-swimming, pelagic fish found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. It is characterized by its robust, fusiform body, distinctive dark markings on its back, and small, conical teeth. This species is an important commercial and recreational fish throughout its range.
Ciri Fisik
- Bentuk tubuh
- torpedo
- Warna
- Dorsal side is dark metallic blue to black, fading to silvery white on the belly. The most distinctive feature is a series of 3-7 prominent dark, oblique stripes or wavy lines on the back above the lateral line, extending from the pectoral fin to the caudal peduncle. There are also 1-5 dark spots below the pectoral fin, which are often fused into a single blotch.
- Jenis sisik
- none
- Posisi mulut
- terminal
- Ciri khas
- Robust, fusiform body, slightly compressed laterally., Small, conical teeth in a single row., Two dorsal fins, closely set; the first dorsal fin has 10-15 spines, the second has 11-15 soft rays followed by 8-10 finlets., Anal fin has 11-15 soft rays followed by 6-8 finlets., Pectoral fins are short, not reaching the interspace between the dorsal fins., Caudal fin is deeply forked., Body largely scaleless except for the corselet (a patch of large, thick scales around the pectoral fin and along the lateral line) and the lateral line itself., Maximum recorded length is about 100 cm (39 inches) FL (fork length), but commonly found around 60 cm (24 inches) FL. Maximum weight around 14 kg (31 lbs).
- Sirip punggung
- Two dorsal fins, closely set. First dorsal fin with 10-15 spines, second dorsal fin with 11-15 soft rays followed by 8-10 finlets.
- Sirip ekor
- Deeply forked caudal fin, characteristic of fast-swimming pelagic fish.
- Sirip dada
- Short, not reaching the interspace between the dorsal fins. Composed of 25-29 rays.
- Sirip khas
- Presence of dorsal and anal finlets (8-10 dorsal, 6-8 anal) posterior to the main dorsal and anal fins.
Tips Identifikasi
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for a robust, torpedo-shaped body with a dark metallic blue to black back and silvery-white belly. The most reliable feature is the distinctive wavy, oblique dark stripes on the back above the lateral line.
Spots below Pectoral Fin
Check for 1-5 dark spots (often fused into a single blotch) below the pectoral fin. This is a key diagnostic feature for Euthynnus affinis.
Finlets
Count the finlets behind the second dorsal and anal fins (8-10 dorsal, 6-8 anal). This is typical for scombrids.
Corselet
Note the presence of a well-developed corselet of scales around the pectoral fin and along the lateral line, with the rest of the body largely scaleless.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- saltwater
- Kedalaman
- Primarily epipelagic, found from the surface down to about 200 meters (656 feet).
- Lingkungan
- Oceanic and coastal pelagic waters, typically found in schools near the surface, often associated with upwellings, current lines, and areas of high productivity. Prefers clear, warm waters.
- Sebaran geografis
- Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa eastward to the Hawaiian Islands and the Marquesas Islands, and from Japan in the north to Australia in the south.
Informasi Akuarium
- Tingkat perawatan: expert
- Temperamen: aggressive
- Pola makan: carnivore
- Ukuran akuarium minimum: Not suitable for home aquariums; requires extremely large public aquarium facilities.
- Suhu: 24-29°C (75-84°F)
- Tingkat pH: 8.1-8.4
- Kesadahan: 8-12 dKH
- Kompatibilitas: Not compatible with most other species due to its size, speed, and predatory nature. Only suitable for large, species-specific exhibits in public aquariums.
- Kebutuhan khusus: Requires immense swimming space, high water quality, strong filtration, and a constant supply of live or fresh dead prey. Extremely challenging to maintain in captivity.
Informasi di Alam Liar
- Status konservasi: least concern
- Musim: Available year-round in tropical regions, but local abundance can vary with seasonal migrations and oceanographic conditions (e.g., monsoons, upwellings).
- Harga pasar: Varies significantly by region and market demand, generally moderate to high.
- Nilai ekonomis: high
- Rasa: Strong, rich, and somewhat oily, often described as 'fishy' compared to other tunas.
- Tekstur: Firm, flaky, and meaty.
- Metode memasak: Grilling, Frying, Smoking, Canning, Used in curries and stews
- Nilai gizi: Excellent source of protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin B12, and Selenium. Contains moderate levels of mercury, so consumption should be mindful, especially for vulnerable populations.
Fakta kunci
Speed Demonbehavior
Euthynnus affinis is an incredibly fast swimmer, capable of bursts of speed to catch prey and evade predators, a characteristic shared with other members of the tuna family.
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
These fish typically form large schools, often mixed with other small tuna species, which helps in both foraging and defense against larger predators.
Opportunistic Predatorbehavior
Their diet consists mainly of small schooling fish, squid, and crustaceans, making them opportunistic predators in the pelagic zone.
Important Fishery Speciesinteresting
Kawakawa is a significant target for both commercial and recreational fisheries throughout its range, contributing to local economies and food security.
No Scales (Mostly)interesting
Unlike many fish, Euthynnus affinis has a largely scaleless body, with scales only present in a specific area called the corselet, which is a patch of thick scales around its pectoral fins.
Informasi keamanan
Aman- Tingkat keamanan: safe
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kelayakan konsumsi: edible
- Catatan penanganan: No specific handling precautions beyond typical fish handling (e.g., avoiding sharp fins, slippery body). Can be a strong fighter when caught, so handle with care to avoid injury to both fish and handler.
Spesies serupa
Skipjack Tuna
Katsuwonus pelamis
Skipjack Tuna has distinct longitudinal dark stripes on its belly, whereas Euthynnus affinis has oblique wavy stripes on its back and spots below the pectoral fin. Skipjack also lacks the prominent corselet of E. affinis.
Frigate Tuna
Auxis thazard
Frigate Tuna has a more slender body and the dark markings on its back are more reticulated or worm-like, not distinct oblique stripes. It also lacks the spots below the pectoral fin.
Bullet Tuna
Auxis rochei
Similar to Frigate Tuna, Bullet Tuna has a more slender body and its dorsal markings are more restricted to the posterior part of the body, often appearing as a series of broken lines or spots, not the prominent oblique stripes of E. affinis. It also lacks the pectoral spots.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Scombriformes
- Famili
- Scombridae
- Genus
- Euthynnus
- Spesies
- Euthynnus affinis
Jelajahi Kawakawa, Mackerel Tuna, Little Tuna, Tongkol Komo
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