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Clarias batrachus, commonly known as the Walking Catfish, is a species of air-breathing freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia. It is characterized by its elongated, cylindrical body, broad head, and the presence of four pairs of barbels around its mouth. A distinctive feature is its ability to 'walk' on land for short distances, facilitated by its rigid pectoral fins and an accessory breathing organ that allows it to respire atmospheric oxygen. This adaptability enables it to survive in oxygen-depleted waters and to migrate between water bodies, especially during dry seasons or in search of new habitats. It is a highly resilient and opportunistic species, often found in a variety of freshwater environments.
Ciri Fisik
- Bentuk tubuh
- eel-like
- Warna
- Typically dark brown to olive-green on the dorsal side, fading to a lighter, often mottled, ventral surface. Some individuals may exhibit irregular dark spots or bands. Albino and xanthic (yellowish) forms are also common in aquaculture.
- Jenis sisik
- none
- Posisi mulut
- terminal
- Ciri khas
- Elongated, cylindrical body, Broad, flattened head, Four pairs of prominent barbels (nasal, maxillary, inner mandibular, outer mandibular), Long dorsal fin extending almost to the caudal fin, Long anal fin extending almost to the caudal fin, Absence of an adipose fin, Presence of an accessory breathing organ (suprabranchial organ) allowing air respiration, Strong, serrated pectoral fin spines
- Sirip punggung
- Very long, soft-rayed, extending from behind the head almost to the caudal fin, without a spine.
- Sirip ekor
- Rounded or slightly truncated, confluent with the dorsal and anal fins in some individuals, but typically distinct.
- Sirip dada
- Well-developed, with a strong, serrated spine at the leading edge and several soft rays. These spines are crucial for its 'walking' ability.
- Sirip khas
- Pelvic fins are small and located abdominally. Anal fin is also very long and soft-rayed, mirroring the dorsal fin.
Tips Identifikasi
Body Shape and Coloration
Look for an elongated, eel-like body, typically dark brown to olive-green, often with mottling. The head is noticeably broad and flattened.
Barbels
Count the four pairs of prominent barbels around the mouth. This is a key characteristic of the Clariidae family.
Fins
Observe the very long dorsal and anal fins that run almost the entire length of the body. Note the absence of an adipose fin and the presence of strong, serrated spines in the pectoral fins.
Lack of Scales
The skin is smooth and scaleless, covered in mucus.
Walking Ability
If observed out of water, its ability to 'walk' using its pectoral fins and body undulations is a definitive identifier.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- freshwater
- Kedalaman
- Typically found in shallow waters, often in depths less than 2 meters, but can inhabit deeper areas.
- Lingkungan
- Prefers slow-moving or stagnant waters such as ponds, swamps, canals, ditches, rice paddies, and muddy rivers. It is highly tolerant of low oxygen conditions and can survive in polluted environments. Often found amongst dense vegetation or submerged debris.
- Sebaran geografis
- Native to Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It has been widely introduced to other parts of the world, including parts of Africa, Europe, and the Americas, where it is often considered an invasive species.
Informasi Akuarium
- Tingkat perawatan: intermediate
- Temperamen: aggressive
- Pola makan: carnivore
- Ukuran akuarium minimum: 150 gallons (for a single adult)
- Suhu: 22-28°C (72-82°F)
- Tingkat pH: 6.0-8.0
- Kesadahan: 5-20 dGH
- Kompatibilitas: Not suitable for community tanks with smaller fish. Can be kept with other large, robust, and similarly aggressive fish, but often best kept alone or in species-specific setups due to its predatory nature.
- Kebutuhan khusus: Requires a secure lid as it is an excellent escape artist. Needs plenty of hiding spots (caves, PVC pipes) and a soft substrate to prevent injury to its barbels. Good filtration is essential due to its messy eating habits and large bioload. Access to atmospheric air is crucial, so the water surface should not be completely covered.
Informasi di Alam Liar
- Status konservasi: least concern
- Musim: Breeds year-round in tropical climates, with peak breeding often coinciding with the rainy season when water levels are high and food is abundant.
- Harga pasar: Varies significantly by region and size, but generally affordable as a food fish.
- Nilai ekonomis: high
- Rasa: Mild, earthy, sometimes described as slightly muddy depending on the water quality it was raised in.
- Tekstur: Firm, flaky, white flesh with few bones.
- Metode memasak: Fried, Grilled, Curried, Stewed, Smoked
- Nilai gizi: Good source of protein, low in fat, contains essential amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids.
Fakta kunci
Air-Breathing Abilityamazing
Clarias batrachus possesses a unique suprabranchial organ, a tree-like structure located above its gills, which allows it to breathe atmospheric oxygen. This adaptation enables it to survive in oxygen-depleted waters and out of water for extended periods.
Walking on Landbehavior
Using its rigid pectoral fin spines and strong body musculature, the Walking Catfish can 'walk' or wriggle across land for considerable distances, especially during droughts or to find new water sources. This behavior is most common at night or during rainy periods to avoid desiccation.
Invasive Speciesinteresting
Due to its hardiness, adaptability, and ability to move across land, Clarias batrachus has become an invasive species in many parts of the world where it has been introduced, often outcompeting native fish and disrupting ecosystems.
High Resilienceamazing
This species is incredibly resilient, capable of tolerating a wide range of water quality parameters, including low oxygen, high turbidity, and varying pH levels, making it a successful survivor in diverse and often challenging aquatic environments.
Nocturnal Predatorbehavior
Clarias batrachus is primarily nocturnal, actively foraging for food during the night. Its barbels are highly sensitive chemoreceptors, aiding in locating prey in dark or murky waters.
Informasi keamanan
Tangani dengan hati-hati- Tingkat keamanan: caution
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kelayakan konsumsi: edible
- Catatan penanganan: Handle with extreme caution. The pectoral fin spines are very sharp and can inflict painful wounds. While not venomous, these wounds can become infected if not properly cleaned. The fish can also thrash violently when handled, potentially causing injury. Use thick gloves or a net for handling. Be aware of its ability to 'walk' and escape from containers.
Spesies serupa
African Sharptooth Catfish
Clarias gariepinus
C. gariepinus typically grows much larger (up to 1.7 meters) and has a more robust, less elongated body. Its head is also broader and more depressed. The dorsal fin of C. gariepinus is shorter relative to its body length compared to C. batrachus, and its caudal fin is more distinctly separated from the dorsal and anal fins. The pectoral fin spine of C. gariepinus is generally less serrated than that of C. batrachus.
Broadhead Catfish
Clarias macrocephalus
C. macrocephalus has a noticeably broader and more flattened head than C. batrachus. Its body is generally stouter, and its coloration tends to be darker and more uniform. The barbels of C. macrocephalus are often shorter relative to its head size compared to C. batrachus.
Walking Catfish (other Clarias species)
Various Clarias spp.
Distinguishing C. batrachus from other Clarias species can be challenging and often requires detailed examination of fin ray counts, vertebral counts, and specific morphological ratios. For example, the length of the nasal barbel relative to the head length can be a distinguishing feature among some species.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Siluriformes
- Famili
- Clariidae
- Genus
- Clarias
- Spesies
- Clarias batrachus
Jelajahi Walking Catfish
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