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Amatitlania nigrofasciata, commonly known as the Convict Cichlid or Zebra Cichlid, is a small, robust cichlid native to Central America. It is well-known for its distinctive black vertical bars on a greyish-blue to pinkish-white body, giving it a 'zebra-like' appearance. This species is highly territorial, especially during breeding, and exhibits complex parental care. It is a popular aquarium fish due to its hardiness, interesting behavior, and ease of breeding, though its aggressive nature requires careful tankmate selection.
Ciri Fisik
- Bentuk tubuh
- compressed
- Warna
- The base body color ranges from greyish-blue to pinkish-white, overlaid with 8-9 prominent vertical black bars extending from the dorsal fin to the ventral side. Males are generally larger and may develop a nuchal hump (fatty lump on the forehead) with age. Females are often smaller, more intensely colored, and may display an orange or yellow patch on the dorsal fin and flanks, especially when breeding.
- Jenis sisik
- ctenoid
- Posisi mulut
- terminal
- Ciri khas
- 8-9 prominent vertical black bars on the body, Sexual dimorphism: males larger, nuchal hump; females smaller, brighter coloration (especially orange/yellow on dorsal fin/flanks) when breeding, Pointed dorsal and anal fins
- Sirip punggung
- Long, continuous, and pointed, extending almost the entire length of the back. Typically has 16-18 spines and 8-10 soft rays.
- Sirip ekor
- Rounded to slightly truncate caudal fin.
- Sirip dada
- Relatively small and clear.
- Sirip khas
- Anal fin is also pointed, similar in shape to the dorsal fin, with 6-8 spines and 6-7 soft rays.
Tips Identifikasi
Body Pattern
Look for the characteristic 8-9 distinct vertical black bars on a greyish-blue to pinkish-white body. This is the most defining feature.
Size and Shape
Adults typically reach 10-12 cm (4-5 inches) in length. They have a moderately compressed, oval-shaped body.
Sexual Dimorphism
Males are generally larger and may develop a nuchal hump. Females are often smaller, with more intense coloration, particularly an orange or yellow patch on the dorsal fin and flanks, especially when ready to breed.
Fin Shape
Both dorsal and anal fins are pointed.
Habitat
- Jenis air
- freshwater
- Kedalaman
- Typically found in shallow to moderate depths, often near the banks.
- Lingkungan
- Native to rivers and lakes in Central America, particularly in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. They prefer rocky substrates with plenty of crevices and caves for shelter and breeding. They are often found in areas with moderate to strong currents.
- Sebaran geografis
- Central America, from Guatemala to Costa Rica, on both Atlantic and Pacific slopes.
Informasi Akuarium
- Tingkat perawatan: beginner
- Temperamen: aggressive
- Pola makan: omnivore
- Ukuran akuarium minimum: 75 liters (20 gallons) for a single pair, larger for community tanks
- Suhu: 24-28°C (75-82°F)
- Tingkat pH: 6.5-8.0
- Kesadahan: 5-20 dGH
- Kompatibilitas: Best kept in a species-only tank or with other robust, similarly sized, and semi-aggressive to aggressive cichlids or large, fast-moving fish. Avoid small, docile, or long-finned tankmates.
- Kebutuhan khusus: Requires plenty of hiding places such as caves, rock formations, and driftwood. Substrate should be sand or fine gravel as they enjoy digging. Strong filtration is recommended due to their messy eating habits and territorial digging.
Informasi di Alam Liar
- Status konservasi: least concern
- Musim: Breeds year-round in suitable conditions, with increased activity during rainy seasons in their natural habitat.
- Harga pasar: Low (common aquarium fish)
- Nilai ekonomis: medium
- Rasa: Not typically consumed due to small size and bony nature.
- Tekstur: Not typically consumed.
- Nilai gizi: Not typically consumed.
Fakta kunci
Parental Carebehavior
Convict Cichlids are renowned for their exceptional and aggressive parental care. Both parents guard their eggs and fry fiercely, often attacking anything that approaches their nest.
Taxonomic Historyevolution
This species has undergone several taxonomic revisions, previously being classified under the genera Cichlasoma and Archocentrus before being placed in Amatitlania.
Aquarium Breedinginteresting
They are one of the easiest cichlids to breed in captivity, often spawning without any special inducement, which contributes to their popularity in the aquarium hobby.
Digging Behaviorbehavior
Convict Cichlids are avid diggers, often excavating large pits and tunnels in the substrate to create spawning sites and hiding places.
Informasi keamanan
Tangani dengan hati-hati- Tingkat keamanan: caution
- Berbisa: Tidak
- Kelayakan konsumsi: not recommended
- Catatan penanganan: While not venomous, Convict Cichlids can deliver a painful bite if handled due to their strong jaws and sharp teeth. They are also highly aggressive and territorial, especially when breeding, and can cause significant stress or injury to other fish in an aquarium. Use a net for handling and avoid direct contact with hands.
Spesies serupa
Blue Convict Cichlid
Amatitlania siquia
While very similar in appearance and often confused, A. siquia typically has a more bluish hue and subtle differences in fin morphology and bar patterns. Genetic analysis is often required for definitive differentiation. A. siquia is generally found in different river systems.
Honduran Red Point Cichlid
Amatitlania sp. 'Honduran Red Point'
This is a geographical variant or closely related species often sold as a Convict Cichlid. It typically exhibits red or orange coloration on the fins and sometimes on the body, especially in males, in addition to the black bars.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
- Kerajaan
- Animalia
- Filum
- Chordata
- Kelas
- Actinopterygii
- Ordo
- Cichliformes
- Famili
- Cichlidae
- Genus
- Amatitlania
- Spesies
- nigrofasciata
Jelajahi Convict Cichlid
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