How to Identify Peacock Wrasse

To identify Peacock Wrasse (Thalassoma pavo), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Highly variable and sexually dimorphic. Initial Phase (IP) individuals (females and some males) are typically greenish-brown to reddish-brown with five to seven vertical blue bars on the flanks, and a prominent black spot on the anterior dorsal fin. Terminal Phase (TP) males are much more brightly colored, exhibiting a vibrant green body with a red head, often with intricate blue and red markings on the operculum and fins. A distinctive vertical red band is often present behind the pectoral fin. Juveniles are generally duller, often greenish with dark spots.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Prominent black spot on the anterior dorsal fin (especially in IP individuals), Vibrant green body and red head in TP males, Five to seven vertical blue bars on flanks (IP individuals), Small, protractile mouth with conical teeth

Dorsal fin

Single, long dorsal fin with 8 spines and 12-13 soft rays. The spinous portion is typically lower than the soft-rayed portion.

Tail fin

Truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Large, fan-like pectoral fins, typically with 13-14 rays.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are small and located thoracically. All fins are often edged with blue or red, particularly in TP males.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Coloration and Pattern

   Observe the overall body color, presence of vertical bars, and head coloration. IP individuals have greenish-brown bodies with blue bars and a dorsal spot. TP males are bright green with a red head and intricate facial markings.

2. 2

   Dorsal Fin Spot

   The prominent black spot on the anterior part of the dorsal fin is a key identifier for Initial Phase individuals.

3. 3

   Body Shape

   Its elongated, somewhat compressed body is characteristic of the wrasse family.

4. 4

   Behavior

   Look for active, diurnal foraging behavior over rocky substrates and seagrass. They often dart in and out of crevices.

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