How to Identify Black scorpionfish

To identify Black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Highly variable, ranging from dark brown, reddish-brown, to mottled grey, often with darker blotches and bands that aid in camouflage. The coloration adapts to the substrate. The fins often have darker spots or bands.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

superior

Distinctive features

Large head with numerous spines and dermal flaps (cirri), Large, upward-pointing mouth, Eyes located high on the head, Absence of a pit behind the eye, Absence of a pit on the occiput (back of the head), Pectoral fins are large and fan-like, Venomous spines in dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins

Dorsal fin

Single, long dorsal fin with 12 strong, venomous spines followed by 9-10 soft rays. The spiny and soft-rayed portions are continuous.

Tail fin

Rounded caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Large, fan-like pectoral fins with 16-19 rays, often mottled.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are thoracic, located below the pectoral fins, with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. Anal fin has 3 venomous spines and 5-6 soft rays.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Head Spines and Dermal Flaps

   Observe the numerous spines and fleshy appendages (cirri) on the head and body, which are characteristic of scorpionfish and aid in camouflage. Scorpaena porcus lacks a pit behind the eye and on the occiput, which helps distinguish it from some other Scorpaena species.

2. 2

   Coloration and Pattern

   Note the highly variable, mottled brown, reddish, or grey coloration that allows it to blend with its surroundings. Look for darker blotches and bands.

3. 3

   Dorsal Fin

   Count the dorsal fin spines (12) and soft rays (9-10). The continuous nature of the spiny and soft-rayed portions is typical.

4. 4

   Pectoral Fins

   Examine the large, fan-like pectoral fins, which often display a mottled pattern.

5. 5

   Size

   Consider its relatively small size compared to other scorpionfish species in its range, typically not exceeding 25-30 cm.

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