How to Identify Madeira Scorpionfish

To identify Madeira Scorpionfish (Scorpaena maderensis), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Highly variable, typically mottled reddish-brown, orange, or yellowish, with darker blotches and bands that provide excellent camouflage against rocky or algal backgrounds. Often has a dark spot on the spiny dorsal fin. The inner surface of the pectoral fins can be brightly colored (e.g., orange or yellow) with dark spots, which are displayed as a warning.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

superior

Distinctive features

Large head with numerous spines and dermal flaps (cirri) on the head and body, especially above the eyes and on the lateral line., Deep notch in the dorsal fin separating spiny and soft-rayed portions., Large, fan-like pectoral fins., Presence of a dark spot on the spiny dorsal fin (often between the 7th and 9th spines)., Inner surface of pectoral fins often brightly colored with dark spots.

Dorsal fin

Single dorsal fin with 12-13 strong, venomous spines followed by 8-10 soft rays. A deep notch separates the spiny and soft-rayed portions.

Tail fin

Rounded caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Large, fan-like pectoral fins with 16-19 rays, often extending beyond the anus.

Distinctive fins

Anal fin with 3 spines and 5-6 soft rays. Pelvic fins thoracic with 1 spine and 5 soft rays.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Head

   Robust, compressed body with a very large head. Look for numerous dermal flaps and cirri, especially on the head and along the lateral line, which are key to its camouflage.

2. 2

   Dorsal Fin

   Observe the single dorsal fin with a distinct deep notch between the spiny (12-13 spines) and soft-rayed (8-10 rays) portions. A prominent dark spot is often present on the spiny part of the dorsal fin.

3. 3

   Pectoral Fins

   Note the large, fan-like pectoral fins. In some individuals, the inner surface of these fins can be brightly colored (orange or yellow) with dark spots, which are displayed as a warning when threatened.

4. 4

   Coloration

   Highly variable mottled patterns of reds, browns, oranges, and yellows, allowing it to blend seamlessly with its environment. The coloration can change to match the substrate.

5. 5

   Size

   Generally a small scorpionfish, rarely exceeding 15-18 cm in total length.

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