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Sargocentron macrosquamis, commonly known as the Deepwater Squirrelfish, is a species of squirrelfish belonging to the family Holocentridae. It is characterized by its robust body, large eyes, and distinctive coloration, typically reddish-orange with silvery markings. This species is primarily nocturnal, seeking shelter in rocky crevices and coral formations during the day and emerging at night to feed. Its name 'Deepwater Squirrelfish' is somewhat misleading as it is found in a range of depths, though often deeper than some of its congeners.
Physical Characteristics
- Body shape
- compressed
- Coloration
- Predominantly reddish-orange to red dorsally, fading to silvery-white ventrally. Often exhibits faint horizontal stripes or rows of spots along the flanks. Fins are typically reddish, sometimes with white margins. The operculum (gill cover) often has a dark spot.
- Scale type
- ctenoid
- Mouth position
- terminal
- Distinctive features
- Large eyes, characteristic of nocturnal fish., Prominent, spiny dorsal fin., Large, ctenoid scales., A sharp spine on the preopercle (bone below the eye).
- Dorsal fin
- Single dorsal fin, deeply notched, with 11 spines followed by 12-14 soft rays. The spiny portion is significantly longer than the soft-rayed portion.
- Tail fin
- Moderately forked caudal fin.
- Pectoral fin
- Pectoral fins are relatively short and rounded, with 13-15 rays.
- Distinctive fins
- Anal fin with 4 spines and 8-9 soft rays. The third anal spine is typically the longest and strongest.
Identification Tips
Coloration
Look for the reddish-orange body with silvery undertones and potentially faint horizontal lines. The dark spot on the operculum is a good indicator.
Scales
Observe the relatively large, rough (ctenoid) scales, which are a key characteristic of squirrelfish.
Dorsal Fin
Note the deeply notched dorsal fin with a prominent spiny anterior portion.
Preopercular Spine
Identify the sharp, strong spine on the lower margin of the preopercle, a common feature in Holocentridae.
Habitat
- Water type
- saltwater
- Depth
- Typically found at depths ranging from 10 to 100 meters (33 to 330 feet), though occasionally shallower or deeper.
- Environment
- Inhabits coral reefs, rocky bottoms, and rubble areas. Prefers areas with plenty of caves, ledges, and crevices for shelter during the day.
- Geographic range
- Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea, East Africa, and across to the Western Pacific, including Japan, Australia, and various Pacific islands.
Aquarium Information
- Care level: intermediate
- Temperament: semi-aggressive
- Diet: carnivore
- Minimum tank size: 120 gallons
- Temperature: 72-78°F (22-26°C)
- pH level: 8.1-8.4
- Hardness: 8-12 dKH
- Compatibility: Can be housed with other robust, non-aggressive fish of similar size. Avoid very small fish or invertebrates that could be seen as prey. May be territorial towards conspecifics or similar-looking species.
- Special requirements: Requires ample hiding places in the form of live rock structures and caves. Dim lighting is preferred, especially during the day, as they are nocturnal. A well-established tank with stable water parameters is crucial. Provide a varied diet of meaty foods.
Wild Information
- Conservation status: least concern
- Seasonality: No specific seasonal patterns for availability; generally available year-round in its natural range.
- Market price: Low
- Commercial importance: low
- Taste: Mild, white flesh
- Texture: Flaky
- Cooking methods: fried, baked, steamed
- Nutritional value: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids.
Key Facts
Nocturnal Hunterbehavior
Like most squirrelfish, Sargocentron macrosquamis is primarily active at night, using its large eyes to hunt for small crustaceans and fish.
Sound Productionbehavior
Squirrelfish are known to produce sounds, often described as grunts or clicks, using their swim bladder and associated muscles. This is believed to be for communication, especially during spawning or when threatened.
Misleading Nameinteresting
Despite its common name 'Deepwater Squirrelfish', Sargocentron macrosquamis is found across a relatively wide range of depths, not exclusively in deep waters, though it can inhabit deeper reef slopes.
Safety Information
Handle with care- Safety level: caution
- Venomous: No
- Edibility: edible
- Handling notes: While not venomous, squirrelfish possess sharp spines on their dorsal fin, anal fin, and preopercle. These spines can inflict painful punctures. Handle with care, preferably using gloves or a towel, to avoid injury. The preopercular spine is particularly sharp and can cause deep cuts.
Similar Species
Saber Squirrelfish
Sargocentron spiniferum
S. spiniferum is generally larger, has a more pronounced and longer preopercular spine, and often exhibits a more uniform red coloration without the distinct silvery ventral areas or faint stripes seen in S. macrosquamis. The scales of S. spiniferum are also typically smaller relative to body size compared to S. macrosquamis.
Spotfin Squirrelfish
Sargocentron punctatissimum
S. punctatissimum is typically smaller and has numerous small, dark spots covering its body, which are absent in S. macrosquamis. Its coloration is also generally paler, often pinkish-silver rather than reddish-orange.
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Actinopterygii
- Order
- Beryciformes
- Family
- Holocentridae
- Genus
- Sargocentron
- Species
- macrosquamis
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