How to Identify New Zealand Smelt

To identify New Zealand Smelt (Retropinna retropinna), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Silvery sides, often with a distinct silvery lateral band. Dorsal surface is typically olive-green to brownish, fading to white or pale on the belly. Fins are generally translucent.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Adipose fin present (a small, fleshy fin without rays, located between the dorsal and caudal fins)., Distinctive cucumber-like smell when freshly caught., Large, easily shed scales., Relatively large eyes., Small, pointed teeth in both jaws.

Dorsal fin

Single dorsal fin, located posterior to the pelvic fins, typically with 9-11 soft rays.

Tail fin

Forked caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Small, low-set pectoral fins.

Distinctive fins

Presence of an adipose fin is a key characteristic of the family Osmeridae.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Adipose Fin

   Look for the small, fleshy fin without rays located between the dorsal fin and the tail fin. This is a definitive characteristic of smelt.

2. 2

   Cucumber Smell

   When freshly caught, New Zealand Smelt emit a distinct odor reminiscent of fresh cucumber. This is a reliable field identification cue.

3. 3

   Body Shape and Coloration

   Slender, elongated body with silvery sides and a darker olive-green to brownish back. The lateral line is often marked by a silvery band.

4. 4

   Scale Size

   The scales are relatively large and easily detached, which can be observed upon handling.

5. 5

   Size

   Adults typically range from 8-15 cm (3-6 inches) in length, though some individuals can reach up to 20 cm (8 inches).

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