How to Identify Thornback Ray

To identify Thornback Ray (Raja clavata), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

flat

Coloration

Dorsal surface typically light brown to greyish-brown, often with darker spots or blotches, and sometimes lighter patches. Ventral surface is white or off-white. The coloration provides excellent camouflage against sandy or muddy seabeds.

Scale type

placoid

Mouth position

inferior

Distinctive features

Diamond-shaped disc, slightly wider than long., Snout is moderately pointed., Numerous large, sharp thorns (bucklers) covering the dorsal surface, especially prominent along the midline of the back and tail, and around the eyes. Juveniles have more thorns than adults., Two small dorsal fins located near the tip of the tail., Pelvic fins are deeply notched.

Dorsal fin

Two small, similarly sized dorsal fins located close together on the posterior part of the tail.

Tail fin

A slender tail, typically shorter than the body disc, armed with rows of thorns.

Pectoral fin

Large, wing-like pectoral fins forming the main body disc.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are bilobed (deeply notched), a characteristic feature among skates.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Thorns (Bucklers)

   The most distinguishing feature is the presence of numerous, prominent thorns on the dorsal surface. These are particularly dense along the midline of the back and tail, and around the eyes. The number and size of thorns can vary with age and sex, with juveniles generally having more.

2. 2

   Body Shape

   A classic diamond-shaped disc, slightly wider than it is long, with a moderately pointed snout.

3. 3

   Coloration

   Dorsal side is typically light brown to greyish-brown, often with darker spots or blotches, providing camouflage. The underside is white.

4. 4

   Pelvic Fins

   The pelvic fins are distinctly bilobed or deeply notched, which helps differentiate it from some other ray species.

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