How to Identify Scarlet Wrasse

To identify Scarlet Wrasse (Pseudolabrus miles), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Males are typically brilliant scarlet to reddish-orange, often with iridescent blue or green markings on the head and fins, and sometimes a dark spot at the base of the pectoral fin. Females and juveniles are generally duller, ranging from reddish-brown to mottled brown, with irregular darker blotches and sometimes a pale stripe along the flank. Coloration can change rapidly depending on mood, breeding status, and environment.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Prominent canine teeth at the front of both jaws, Thick, fleshy lips, Continuous dorsal fin with strong spines, Sexual dichromatism (pronounced color differences between sexes), Terminal phase males exhibit the most vibrant coloration

Dorsal fin

IX spines, 11-12 soft rays; long and continuous, with the spiny portion slightly longer than the soft-rayed portion.

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly truncate caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Large and fan-like, typically with 13-14 rays.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are thoracic, located directly below the pectoral fins.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Coloration (Males)

   Look for the vibrant scarlet to reddish-orange body with iridescent blue/green markings on the head and fins. This is the most striking feature of terminal phase males.

2. 2

   Coloration (Females/Juveniles)

   Observe for duller reddish-brown to mottled brown bodies, often with irregular darker blotches or a pale lateral stripe. This can help distinguish them from males and other wrasse species.

3. 3

   Body Shape

   Note the elongated, somewhat compressed body typical of wrasses, which helps differentiate it from more robust or slender fish.

4. 4

   Mouth and Teeth

   If visible, the prominent canine teeth at the front of the jaws are a key characteristic of the genus Pseudolabrus.

5. 5

   Geographic Location

   Its endemic status to New Zealand waters is a strong indicator for identification.

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