How to Identify Flathead

To identify Flathead (Platycephalus spp.), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Highly variable, typically cryptic to blend with the substrate. Colors range from sandy browns, greys, and olive greens, often with darker blotches, spots, or bands. The ventral surface is usually lighter, often white or cream.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

superior

Distinctive features

Extremely flattened, broad head, Large, upward-facing eyes positioned dorsally, Large mouth with numerous small, sharp teeth, Two distinct dorsal fins, Prominent preopercular spines

Dorsal fin

Two dorsal fins; the first is spiny (6-9 spines), and the second is soft-rayed (11-15 rays).

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly emarginate caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Large, fan-like pectoral fins, often with distinctive markings.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are thoracic, located beneath the pectoral fins, and are often used for propping the fish on the substrate.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Head Shape

   The most defining feature is the extremely flattened, broad head, which is much wider than it is deep.

2. 2

   Eye Position

   Eyes are large and located on the top of the head, allowing them to scan for prey while buried.

3. 3

   Body Coloration

   Observe the cryptic patterns and colors, which are highly adapted to their specific habitat. These can vary significantly between species.

4. 4

   Preopercular Spines

   Carefully examine the spines on the preoperculum (bone before the gill cover). The number, size, and arrangement of these spines are key diagnostic features for distinguishing species within the genus.

5. 5

   Lateral Line

   The lateral line is typically prominent and often has accessory scales or pores that can aid in species identification.

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