How to Identify Dusky Flathead

To identify Dusky Flathead (Platycephalus fuscus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

flat

Coloration

Highly variable, typically mottled brown, grey, or olive-green on the dorsal surface, fading to white or pale cream on the ventral side. Dark spots and blotches are common, aiding in camouflage. Fins often have dark spots or bands.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

superior

Distinctive features

Extremely flattened head and body, especially anteriorly., Large, upward-facing eyes positioned on top of the head., Prominent, spiny ridges on the operculum (gill cover) and preoperculum., Large mouth with numerous small, sharp teeth., Two distinct dorsal fins.

Dorsal fin

First dorsal fin with 8-9 strong spines; second dorsal fin with 13-15 soft rays. The first spine of the first dorsal fin is typically short.

Tail fin

Caudal fin is rounded to truncate, often with a dark spot or blotch on the upper lobe in juveniles and sub-adults.

Pectoral fin

Large and rounded, positioned low on the body.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are thoracic, located beneath the pectoral fins, and are relatively large, aiding in stability on the substrate.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Head Shape

   Look for the extremely flattened, broad head, which is significantly wider than the body.

2. 2

   Eye Position

   Eyes are large and situated on the top of the head, allowing them to scan for prey while buried.

3. 3

   Preopercular Spines

   Count the spines on the preoperculum (bone in front of the gill cover). Dusky Flathead typically have two prominent spines, with the lower one being longer and more robust.

4. 4

   Coloration and Pattern

   Observe the mottled, camouflaged pattern of browns, greys, and greens, often with darker spots or blotches. This helps them blend into sandy or muddy substrates.

5. 5

   Size

   Dusky Flathead are the largest of the Australian flatheads, commonly reaching 60-90 cm and occasionally exceeding 1.2 meters in length and 10 kg in weight. Females grow significantly larger than males.

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