How to Identify Spotted Tilapia

To identify Spotted Tilapia (Pelmatolapia mariae), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Base color ranges from olive-green to brownish-grey, often with a yellowish or silvery sheen on the flanks. The most distinguishing feature is the presence of 6-9 prominent, irregular dark blotches or spots along the sides, which can sometimes merge into bars. Fins are typically dusky, and breeding males may exhibit more intense coloration and a reddish tint on the fins. Juveniles often have more pronounced barring.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

6-9 prominent, irregular dark blotches or spots along the flanks., Large, robust body typical of cichlids., Relatively large mouth with thick lips., Can reach up to 34 cm (13.4 inches) in total length, though typically smaller in aquaria (around 20-25 cm).

Dorsal fin

Long, continuous dorsal fin with 15-17 spines and 11-13 soft rays. The spiny portion is longer than the soft-rayed portion.

Tail fin

Caudal fin is truncate to slightly emarginate.

Pectoral fin

Pectoral fins are relatively short and rounded.

Distinctive fins

Anal fin has 3 spines and 8-10 soft rays. Pelvic fins are thoracic.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Spots/Blotches

   Look for the characteristic 6-9 irregular dark blotches or spots along the lateral line. These are the most reliable distinguishing feature.

2. 2

   Body Shape and Size

   A robust, deep-bodied cichlid, typically growing larger than many other tilapia species, especially in the wild.

3. 3

   Fin Structure

   Observe the long dorsal fin with a prominent spiny anterior portion and the truncate caudal fin.

4. 4

   Mouth

   The mouth is relatively large with thick lips, indicative of its omnivorous diet.

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