How to Identify Indian Leaffish

To identify Indian Leaffish (Nandus nandus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Highly variable, typically mottled brown, olive-green, or grayish, often with irregular dark blotches and bands that aid in camouflage. Some individuals may display a reddish or yellowish tint. The coloration can change rapidly to match the surroundings.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Large, protractile mouth extending beyond the eye, Deeply notched dorsal fin, Rough, ctenoid scales, Cryptic coloration mimicking dead leaves, Prominent lateral line

Dorsal fin

Single, long dorsal fin with a deeply notched appearance, typically with 12-14 strong spines followed by 11-13 soft rays. The spiny portion is longer than the soft-rayed portion.

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly emarginate caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Rounded and relatively small pectoral fins.

Distinctive fins

Anal fin with 3 strong spines and 7-9 soft rays. Pelvic fins are thoracic, with 1 spine and 5 soft rays.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Coloration

   Look for a laterally compressed, deep-bodied fish with highly variable, mottled brown to greenish camouflage patterns, often resembling a decaying leaf.

2. 2

   Mouth

   Observe the large, protractile mouth that extends well beyond the posterior margin of the eye, indicative of its predatory nature.

3. 3

   Dorsal Fin

   Note the single, deeply notched dorsal fin with a prominent spiny anterior portion.

4. 4

   Behavior

   Its characteristic 'leaf-like' swaying motion when stationary or slowly moving is a key behavioral identifier.

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