How to Identify Giant Stargazer

To identify Giant Stargazer (Kathetostoma giganteum), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

flat

Coloration

Dorsal surface is typically mottled brown, grey, or olive, providing excellent camouflage against the seabed. The ventral surface is paler, often whitish. Fins may have darker bands or spots.

Scale type

none

Mouth position

superior

Distinctive features

Large, flattened head with eyes positioned dorsally (on top of the head) and directed upwards., Large, upward-facing mouth with a fringe of dermal cirri (small fleshy filaments) around the lips, which aid in camouflage and sensing prey., Robust, stocky body that tapers towards the tail., Two venomous spines located behind the operculum (gill cover) and above the pectoral fins., A fleshy, worm-like lure (illicium) located on the floor of the mouth, used to attract prey.

Dorsal fin

Two dorsal fins; the first is short with 3-4 spines, the second is longer with 13-15 soft rays. The first dorsal spine is often modified into a venomous spine.

Tail fin

Caudal fin is rounded or truncate.

Pectoral fin

Large, fan-like pectoral fins, used for maneuvering and burying.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are jugular (located in front of the pectoral fins) and are relatively small.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Head and Eyes

   The most striking feature is the large, flattened head with both eyes positioned on top, looking directly upwards. This is a key differentiator from most other benthic fish.

2. 2

   Mouth

   The mouth is large, wide, and also oriented upwards, often with a fringe of dermal cirri. The presence of a small, worm-like lure inside the mouth is diagnostic.

3. 3

   Body Shape

   While generally robust, the body is dorsoventrally compressed (flattened from top to bottom), especially the head and anterior trunk, allowing for effective burial.

4. 4

   Venomous Spines

   Two prominent, sharp, venomous spines are located just behind the gill covers. Extreme caution is advised when handling.

5. 5

   Coloration

   Mottled brown to grey-green dorsal coloration provides excellent camouflage against the seabed.

Explore Giant Stargazer