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Shiner Perch

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Cymatogaster aggregata

Also known as: Shiner Surfperch, Minnow Perch, Pile Perch (juveniles)

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Description

The Shiner Perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) is a small, schooling marine fish belonging to the family Embiotocidae, commonly known as surfperches. It is characterized by its silvery body, often with vertical bars and a series of yellow spots along the lateral line. This species is viviparous, giving birth to live young, a distinctive trait among surfperches. It is a common inhabitant of shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and bays along the Pacific coast of North America, playing an important ecological role as both a predator of small invertebrates and a prey item for larger fish and birds.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape
compressed
Coloration
Silvery body, often with 8-10 faint vertical bars on the sides. A series of 3-4 prominent yellow or brassy spots are typically present along the lateral line, particularly noticeable in fresh specimens. Fins are generally translucent or dusky.
Scale type
cycloid
Mouth position
terminal
Distinctive features
Viviparous (live-bearing), Small, compressed body, Yellow spots along the lateral line, Deeply forked caudal fin
Dorsal fin
Single dorsal fin with 9-11 spines and 19-25 soft rays. The spinous and soft-rayed portions are continuous.
Tail fin
Deeply forked caudal fin.
Pectoral fin
Pectoral fins are moderately sized, with 17-21 rays.
Distinctive fins
Anal fin has 3 spines and 16-26 soft rays. Pelvic fins are thoracic, with 1 spine and 5 soft rays.

Identification Tips

Body Shape and Coloration

Look for a small, silvery, compressed body with faint vertical bars and distinct yellow or brassy spots along the lateral line. This combination is unique among most small surfperches.

Fins

Note the continuous dorsal fin and the deeply forked caudal fin, which is more pronounced than in some other surfperch species.

Size

Shiner Perch are relatively small, rarely exceeding 20 cm (8 inches) in length, which helps distinguish them from larger surfperch species.

Habitat

Their preference for shallow, inshore, and estuarine environments is a good indicator.

Habitat

Water type
saltwater
Depth
Typically found in shallow waters from the surface down to about 15 meters (50 feet), occasionally deeper to 146 meters (480 feet).
Environment
Estuaries, bays, harbors, kelp beds, eelgrass beds, rocky reefs, and sandy bottoms. Often found near pilings, docks, and other structures. Tolerant of a wide range of salinities, from nearly fresh to full marine conditions.
Geographic range
Eastern Pacific Ocean, from southeastern Alaska (Prince William Sound) south to Baja California, Mexico (Bahía de San Quintín).

Aquarium Information

  • Care level: intermediate
  • Temperament: peaceful
  • Diet: omnivore
  • Minimum tank size: 50 gallons
  • Temperature: 10-20°C (50-68°F)
  • pH level: 7.8-8.4
  • Hardness: 10-20 dKH
  • Compatibility: Generally compatible with other peaceful, similarly sized temperate marine fish. Avoid aggressive or very large tank mates.
  • Special requirements: Requires well-oxygenated water, good filtration, and ample swimming space. A varied diet including small crustaceans, worms, and flake food is essential. Can be sensitive to poor water quality. Best kept in a species-specific tank or with other temperate marine species.

Wild Information

  • Conservation status: least concern
  • Seasonality: Present year-round in its range, with increased schooling activity and reproductive events occurring in spring and summer.
  • Market price: Low
  • Commercial importance: low
  • Taste: Mild, slightly sweet
  • Texture: Soft, flaky
  • Cooking methods: Pan-fried, Baked, Steamed
  • Nutritional value: Good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids.

Key Facts

Live-bearing Fishbehavior

Shiner Perch are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live, fully formed young rather than laying eggs. This is a characteristic feature of the Embiotocidae family.

Schooling Behaviorbehavior

They are highly social fish, often forming large schools, especially juveniles, which provides protection from predators.

Dietary Generalistsbehavior

Shiner Perch are opportunistic omnivores, feeding on a wide variety of small invertebrates, algae, and detritus, making them important links in the food web.

Estuarine Adaptabilityinteresting

This species is highly tolerant of fluctuating salinities and temperatures, allowing it to thrive in dynamic estuarine environments.

Ecological Roleinteresting

They serve as a significant food source for larger predatory fish, marine mammals, and birds, contributing to the health of coastal ecosystems.

Safety Information

Safe
  • Safety level: safe
  • Venomous: No
  • Edibility: edible
  • Handling notes: No specific handling precautions are required. They are not venomous and do not possess sharp spines that pose a significant threat. Handle gently if caught for release.

Similar Species

Pile Perch

Rhacochilus vacca

Pile Perch are generally larger, lack the distinct yellow spots along the lateral line, and have a more robust body. Their caudal fin is less deeply forked.

Walleye Surfperch

Hyperprosopon argenteum

Walleye Surfperch have very large eyes, a more silvery body without prominent bars or spots, and often a black blotch on the soft dorsal fin. Their body is typically deeper than that of the Shiner Perch.

Dwarf Perch

Micrometrus minimus

Dwarf Perch are much smaller (rarely exceeding 10 cm), have a more rounded body profile, and typically exhibit a dark spot at the base of the pectoral fin. They lack the distinct yellow lateral line spots.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Actinopterygii
Order
Perciformes
Family
Embiotocidae
Genus
Cymatogaster
Species
aggregata

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