How to Identify Humphead Wrasse

To identify Humphead Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Highly variable, ranging from dull green to bluish-green, purplish-blue, or olive-brown. Adults often display a complex reticulated pattern of dark lines or spots on a lighter background, particularly on the head and anterior body, resembling Māori facial tattoos. Juveniles are typically duller, often mottled brown or green.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Prominent fleshy hump on the forehead of adult males (less pronounced in females and juveniles), Thick, fleshy lips, Two distinct black lines radiating posteriorly from the eye, Large scales, Large overall size

Dorsal fin

9 spines, 10 soft rays; continuous, relatively low

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly truncate in juveniles, becoming more rounded and fan-like in large adults

Pectoral fin

Large and rounded

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are relatively small. All fins are robust.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Size and Hump

   Adults are unmistakable due to their massive size (up to 2.3 meters) and the prominent, fatty hump on their forehead, which is more pronounced in males.

2. 2

   Facial Markings

   Look for two distinct black lines extending backward from the eye, often accompanied by intricate, wavy patterns on the head and body.

3. 3

   Lips

   Observe the very thick, fleshy lips, a characteristic feature of the species.

4. 4

   Coloration

   While variable, the overall greenish-brown to bluish-green hue with complex patterns is a key identifier.

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