How to Identify Whitespotted Filefish

To identify Whitespotted Filefish (Cantherhines macrocerus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Highly variable, ranging from mottled brown, grey, or greenish to yellowish, often with numerous small white or pale spots covering the body. A prominent dark spot or saddle may be present on the dorsal fin base. Males often exhibit brighter coloration and more pronounced spots, especially during breeding. They can rapidly change their coloration to match their surroundings.

Scale type

none

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Two prominent, recurved spines on the dorsal fin, the first of which is much larger and can be locked upright., Small, rough scales (setae) giving a sandpaper-like texture., Small, protrusible mouth with strong teeth., Relatively large eyes set high on the head., Pelvic fin reduced to a spine-like structure, often with a dewlap of skin.

Dorsal fin

First dorsal fin with 2 spines, the first spine being very robust and long, capable of being locked erect. Second dorsal fin with 33-36 soft rays. The first dorsal spine is located directly above the eye.

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly truncate caudal fin with 12 soft rays.

Pectoral fin

Small, rounded pectoral fins with 13-14 rays.

Distinctive fins

Anal fin with 29-32 soft rays, similar in shape and size to the second dorsal fin. Pelvic fin is represented by a single, short, rough spine.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Coloration and Spots

   Look for the characteristic white or pale spots scattered across the body, which can vary in intensity and size. The base color is highly variable.

2. 2

   Dorsal Spine

   The prominent, large, and lockable first dorsal spine is a key identifying feature of filefishes, and particularly robust in this species.

3. 3

   Body Shape

   The laterally compressed, deep body with a small, upturned mouth is typical of filefishes.

4. 4

   Habitat

   Often observed slowly swimming among corals or hovering near reef structures, blending in with their surroundings.

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