How to Identify Whitespotted Filefish

To identify Whitespotted Filefish (Cantherhines macroceros), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

compressed

Coloration

Highly variable, ranging from mottled brown, green, or grey to yellowish, often with numerous small white or pale spots covering the body. Can rapidly change color and pattern to match surroundings. Males may exhibit brighter coloration and more pronounced spots during breeding.

Scale type

ctenoid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Prominent, retractable first dorsal spine, which can be locked upright., Small, puckered mouth with strong teeth adapted for grazing., Rough, sandpaper-like skin due to small, ctenoid scales., Often has two distinct white spots on the caudal peduncle, though these can be variable.

Dorsal fin

Two dorsal fins; the first consists of a strong, erectile spine followed by a much smaller, second spine. The second dorsal fin is soft-rayed, typically with 33-36 rays.

Tail fin

Rounded to slightly truncate caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Small, rounded pectoral fins, typically with 13-14 rays.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fin reduced to a small, rough spine, often barely visible, which can be locked with the first dorsal spine for wedging into crevices.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Coloration

   Look for a compressed, oval body with highly variable mottled patterns of brown, green, or grey, often adorned with numerous small white spots. The ability to rapidly change color is a key indicator.

2. 2

   Dorsal Spine

   Observe the prominent, retractable first dorsal spine. This spine can be locked upright, giving the fish its 'file' appearance and allowing it to wedge itself into crevices.

3. 3

   Caudal Peduncle Spots

   While variable, the presence of two distinct white spots on the caudal peduncle (the narrow part of the body connecting to the tail fin) is a common identifying feature, especially in the 'horned' phase.

4. 4

   Mouth and Feeding

   Note the small, puckered mouth. If observed feeding, they will typically be seen nipping at sponges or algae on the reef.

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