How to Identify Mediterranean Sand Smelt

To identify Mediterranean Sand Smelt (Atherina hepsetus), look at these key features.

Physical Characteristics

Body shape

elongated

Coloration

Silvery-white to translucent body, often with a greenish or yellowish tint on the dorsal side. A prominent, iridescent silvery lateral band runs from the operculum to the caudal fin base. The fins are generally hyaline (transparent) or slightly yellowish.

Scale type

cycloid

Mouth position

terminal

Distinctive features

Two widely separated dorsal fins, the first with flexible spines and the second with one spine and soft rays., A prominent, iridescent silvery lateral band., Large eyes relative to head size., Small, cycloid scales., Terminal mouth, slightly upturned.

Dorsal fin

Two dorsal fins; the first dorsal fin has 6-9 flexible spines, and the second dorsal fin has 1 spine and 9-12 soft rays.

Tail fin

Forked caudal fin.

Pectoral fin

Relatively short and high-set pectoral fins.

Distinctive fins

Pelvic fins are abdominal, located well behind the pectoral fins.

Identification Tips

1. 1

   Body Shape and Coloration

   Look for a slender, elongated, silvery body with a distinct, iridescent silvery stripe along the flanks. The back is typically darker, often greenish or brownish.

2. 2

   Dorsal Fins

   Note the presence of two clearly separated dorsal fins. The first is spiny, and the second is soft-rayed. This is a key characteristic of the Atherinidae family.

3. 3

   Mouth Position

   Observe the mouth, which is terminal and slightly upturned, indicating its feeding habits on small, pelagic prey.

4. 4

   Scale Size

   The scales are relatively large for a fish of its size, which can be a distinguishing feature upon closer inspection.

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