Got a photo? Identify fish instantly with the Fishby app.
Open the appDescription
The Flowerhorn Cichlid is a hybrid ornamental fish, selectively bred for its distinctive nuchal hump (kok), vibrant coloration, and unique patterning. It is not a naturally occurring species but a product of extensive cross-breeding, primarily involving various Amphilophus species, most notably Amphilophus trimaculatus (Trimac Cichlid) and Amphilophus citrinellus (Midas Cichlid), among others. These fish are highly prized in the aquarium trade for their striking appearance and interactive personalities.
Physical Characteristics
- Body shape
- compressed
- Coloration
- Highly variable, but typically features a base color of red, orange, yellow, or white, often with black markings (known as 'flower markings' or 'pearls') along the lateral line. The nuchal hump (kok) is a prominent feature, especially in males, and can range from small to very large.
- Scale type
- ctenoid
- Mouth position
- terminal
- Distinctive features
- Prominent nuchal hump (kok), particularly in males., Vibrant and diverse coloration., Distinctive black lateral markings (flower markings)., Large, expressive eyes., Thick, fleshy lips.
- Dorsal fin
- Long and continuous, often extending to the caudal fin base.
- Tail fin
- Fan-shaped or rounded, often with extended rays.
- Pectoral fin
- Well-developed and fan-like.
- Distinctive fins
- Pelvic fins are typically elongated and pointed.
Identification Tips
Nuchal Hump (Kok)
The most defining feature. Look for a prominent, often bulbous, fatty growth on the forehead, especially in mature males. The size and shape of the kok are key indicators of quality and lineage.
Coloration and Markings
Observe the vibrancy and distribution of colors (red, orange, yellow, white). Look for distinct black 'flower markings' or 'pearls' along the lateral line, which are highly valued.
Body Shape
They typically have a robust, stocky, and somewhat compressed body. The overall proportion and symmetry are important for identification within different Flowerhorn strains.
Fin Structure
Examine the fins for full extension, lack of tears, and often elongated rays, particularly in the dorsal and anal fins.
Habitat
- Water type
- freshwater
- Depth
- Not applicable as it is a captive-bred hybrid.
- Environment
- Not applicable as it is a captive-bred hybrid. In an aquarium setting, they prefer well-oxygenated water with plenty of open swimming space and some territorial markers.
- Geographic range
- Originates from Southeast Asia, where it was first bred. Not found in the wild naturally. Feral populations may exist in some tropical regions due to irresponsible release, but these are generally localized and not widespread.
Aquarium Information
- Care level: intermediate
- Temperament: aggressive
- Diet: carnivore
- Minimum tank size: 75 gallons (280 liters) for a single adult
- Temperature: 26-30 C (78-86 F)
- pH level: 6.5-7.8
- Hardness: 10-20 dGH
- Compatibility: Generally not compatible with other fish due to extreme aggression and territoriality. Can sometimes be kept with other large, equally aggressive cichlids in very large tanks with ample hiding spots, but this is often risky.
- Special requirements: Requires a spacious tank with strong filtration due to their messy eating habits and large bioload. Substrate should be fine gravel or sand. Provide large, smooth rocks and driftwood for territories and hiding spots. Avoid sharp decorations. Regular large water changes are crucial for maintaining water quality. They are known to rearrange tank decor.
Wild Information
- Conservation status: least concern
- Seasonality: Not applicable as it is a captive-bred hybrid.
- Market price: Varies widely based on size, coloration, kok development, and lineage, ranging from tens to thousands of dollars.
- Commercial importance: high
- Taste: Not typically consumed due to their ornamental value and hybrid nature.
- Texture: Not typically consumed due to their ornamental value and hybrid nature.
- Nutritional value: Not typically consumed due to their ornamental value and hybrid nature.
Key Facts
Hybrid Originamazing
Flowerhorn Cichlids are not a naturally occurring species but are a result of extensive selective breeding and hybridization, primarily from Central American cichlids.
Symbol of Luckinteresting
In some Asian cultures, Flowerhorns are considered symbols of good luck, prosperity, and longevity, particularly those with well-developed nuchal humps and distinct 'flower markings'.
Interactive Personalitybehavior
Despite their aggression, Flowerhorns are known for their highly interactive and intelligent personalities, often recognizing their owners and responding to their presence.
Kok Developmentamazing
The nuchal hump, or 'kok', is a fatty deposit that can grow significantly, especially in males, and is a highly prized aesthetic feature.
Rapid Growthrecord
Flowerhorn Cichlids are fast-growing fish, capable of reaching substantial sizes within their first year if provided with optimal conditions and nutrition.
Safety Information
Handle with care- Safety level: caution
- Venomous: No
- Edibility: not recommended
- Handling notes: Flowerhorn Cichlids are highly aggressive and possess strong jaws and sharp teeth. When handling, use a sturdy net or a plastic container to minimize stress and prevent bites. Avoid direct contact with hands. Their territorial nature means they can be very defensive of their space, even towards their owner. No venomous spines are present.
Similar Species
Midas Cichlid
Amphilophus citrinellus
While a parent species, Midas Cichlids typically have a less pronounced nuchal hump (though some individuals can develop one), and their coloration is usually a more uniform yellow, orange, or white, lacking the intricate 'flower markings' of Flowerhorns.
Red Devil Cichlid
Amphilophus labiatus
Another parent species, Red Devils are known for their thick, fleshy lips and often vibrant red or orange coloration. They can develop a nuchal hump, but it's generally less exaggerated than in many Flowerhorn strains, and they lack the distinct black lateral markings.
Trimac Cichlid
Amphilophus trimaculatus
A key foundational species, Trimacs have three distinct black spots along their flank (hence 'trimaculatus'). While they contribute to the Flowerhorn's patterning, pure Trimacs typically have a more elongated body, less intense coloration, and a less developed nuchal hump compared to Flowerhorns.
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Actinopterygii
- Order
- Cichliformes
- Family
- Cichlidae
- Genus
- Amphilophus
- Species
- Amphilophus trimaculatus x Amphilophus citrinellus (Hybrid)
Explore Flowerhorn Cichlid
Identify fish anywhere
Free on iOS, Android, and Web. Photo identification, full species details, and more.