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Abramis brama, commonly known as the Bream or Deverika, is a widespread freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. It is characterized by its deep, laterally compressed body and often bronze coloration in adults. It is a demersal species, typically found in slow-moving waters with muddy or silty bottoms, where it feeds on benthic invertebrates. Deverika is an important species in European freshwater ecosystems, both ecologically and as a target for recreational and commercial fishing.
Fyysiset ominaisuudet
- Ruumiinmuoto
- compressed
- Väritys
- Juveniles are silvery, becoming golden-bronze to dark bronze with age, especially on the back and flanks. The belly is typically whitish or yellowish. Fins are generally greyish-brown.
- Suomutyyppi
- cycloid
- Suun asento
- subterminal
- Erottuvat piirteet
- Deep, highly compressed body, giving it a 'plate-like' appearance., Small, downward-pointing (subterminal) mouth, adapted for bottom feeding., Long anal fin, typically with 23-30 branched rays., Relatively small head in proportion to the body., Large, cycloid scales.
- Selkäevä
- Short, high, with 3 unbranched and 8-9 branched rays, positioned relatively far back on the body.
- Pyrstöevä
- Deeply forked, with the lower lobe often slightly longer than the upper.
- Rintaevä
- Relatively long and pointed, extending beyond the base of the pelvic fins.
- Erottuvat evät
- The anal fin is notably long, extending from behind the pelvic fins almost to the caudal fin base.
Tunnistusvinkit
Body Shape
Look for a very deep, laterally compressed body. This is a key distinguishing feature from many other cyprinids.
Mouth Position
Observe the small, downward-pointing mouth, indicative of its bottom-feeding habits.
Anal Fin Length
Count the rays in the anal fin; Abramis brama typically has 23-30 branched rays, making it noticeably long.
Coloration
Note the bronze-golden coloration in adults, contrasting with the silvery juveniles.
Lateral Line Scales
Count the scales along the lateral line, typically 51-60, which can help differentiate it from similar species.
Elinympäristö
- Vesityyppi
- freshwater
- Syvyys
- Typically found in shallow to moderately deep waters (1-10 meters), but can inhabit deeper areas of large lakes.
- Ympäristö
- Prefers slow-moving or still waters such as large rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and canals. Thrives in eutrophic conditions with abundant aquatic vegetation and soft, muddy or silty bottoms. Tolerant of low oxygen levels.
- Maantieteellinen levinneisyys
- Widespread across Europe, from the British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to the Ural Mountains and Caspian Sea basin. Also introduced in some parts of Siberia and North America.
Akvaariotiedot
- Hoitotaso: advanced
- Luonne: peaceful
- Ruokavalio: omnivore
- Akvaarion vähimmäiskoko: Not suitable for typical home aquariums due to size and specific habitat requirements. Requires very large, specialized ponds or public aquaria.
- Lämpötila: 10-24°C (50-75°F)
- pH-taso: 6.5-8.0
- Kovuus: 5-20 dGH
- Yhteensopivuus: Generally compatible with other large, peaceful coldwater fish, but best kept in species-specific large ponds or public displays due to its size and schooling nature.
- Erityisvaatimukset: Requires very large volumes of water, excellent filtration, and a soft, silty substrate for natural foraging behavior. Not recommended for home aquaria.
Tietoa luonnonvaraisista
- Suojelustatus: least concern
- Kausivaihtelu: Spawns in spring (April-June) when water temperatures reach 15-18°C. Active year-round, but feeding activity may decrease in colder months.
- Markkinahinta: Varies regionally, generally low to moderate for food fish, higher for live bait or stocking.
- Kaupallinen merkitys: medium
- Maku: Mild, somewhat earthy, can be bony.
- Rakenne: Flaky, soft.
- Valmistustavat: Frying, Baking, Smoking, Stewing
- Ravintoarvo: Good source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins B6 and B12.
Avaintiedot
Bottom Feederbehavior
Deverika primarily feeds by sifting through soft bottom sediments, using its protrusible mouth to suck up small invertebrates like chironomid larvae, worms, and mollusks, as well as some plant material.
Schooling Behaviorbehavior
This species is highly gregarious, forming large schools, especially when young. This schooling behavior provides protection from predators and aids in foraging efficiency.
Longevityrecord
Deverika can live for a considerable time, with individuals recorded living up to 20-25 years in optimal conditions.
Spawning Migrationbehavior
During spawning season, Deverika often undertakes significant migrations from deeper waters to shallower, vegetated areas of lakes and rivers to lay their adhesive eggs on submerged plants.
Ecological Indicatorinteresting
Due to its preference for eutrophic conditions and tolerance to lower oxygen levels, the presence and abundance of Deverika can sometimes be an indicator of nutrient enrichment in freshwater bodies.
Turvallisuustiedot
Turvallinen- Turvallisuustaso: safe
- Myrkyllinen: Ei
- Syötävyys: edible
- Käsittelyohjeet: No specific handling precautions are required beyond standard fish handling to avoid injury from spines (though minimal) or dropping the fish. They are not venomous or dangerous.
Samankaltaiset lajit
Silver Bream
Blicca bjoerkna
Silver Bream (Blicca bjoerkna) has larger eyes, a more silvery coloration even as an adult, and a shorter anal fin (19-22 branched rays). The pectoral fins of Silver Bream are reddish at the base, which is not typical for Deverika.
White Bream
Blicca bjoerkna
Often used interchangeably with Silver Bream. The key differences remain the shorter anal fin, larger eyes, and silvery appearance of Blicca bjoerkna compared to the bronze, deep-bodied Abramis brama.
Zope
Ballerus ballerus
Zope (Ballerus ballerus) has an even more elongated and slender body, a much longer anal fin (38-48 branched rays), and a more pointed snout. Its coloration is typically silvery.
Danube Bream
Abramis sapa
Danube Bream (Abramis sapa) is generally smaller, has a more elongated body, and a longer anal fin (36-46 branched rays). Its mouth is also more inferior and protrusible.
Tieteellinen luokitus
- Kunta
- Animalia
- Pääjakso
- Chordata
- Luokka
- Actinopterygii
- Lahko
- Cypriniformes
- Heimo
- Cyprinidae
- Suku
- Abramis
- Laji
- Abramis brama
Tutustu lajiin Deverika
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